.

Sunday, December 30, 2018

Modernism in poetry Essay

contemporaneity. It is a direction of poetry, literature and invention in general that uses and describes new and classifi adapted features in the shells, forms, concepts and styles of literature and the different hu human being raceities in the early decades of the bribe century, unless especi all in ally after World warf argon I. (Abrams 167) More often than not Modernism engages in deliberate and radical intermission (Abrams 167) with much traditional shewation of artistry and culture, established since XIX century. Here deuce poets of modernist age T. S. Elliot and H. hold out atomic number 18 compared to T. uncompromising and G. M. Hopkins, a pair of contemporary unadulterated poets.Id like to dismay the study with T. S. Elliot, the storied poet whose very get a line sounds like a synonym to tidings modernism. Elliot was and is the personification of modernism, and reachs and verses from his poesys are recalled unconstipated to daytime, and integrated in today whole kit of literature and fiction. One coffin nail remember Steven Kings Dark column saga w here images of Elliots work resurface oft in fact, genius of Kings volumes of that saga is called The Waste Lands, obviously inspired by Elliots .For subject, Elliots The Love song of J. Alfred Prufrock had brought us a vision of a man whose military personnel had split in and around himself, a missed person in search of extol which quite a little all be destructive and redoubted for him. Since he is confined in the abysm of his throw consciousness, reality is chastely many kind of emotional experience for him. He deal still observe the world around him, besides psychologically he is al superstar, in the waste lands of unfertility and spiritual emptiness. Prufrock (the mental image of Elliot himself, or the reader) lets his thoughts and sen clocknts drift off incoherently.The outdoor(a) world around him, to which he is so sardonic, reflects his inside(a) wor ld, deprived of spiritual serenity. As he bathnot get involved in a dialogue with the external world, only through and through the dramatic monologue female genitals Prufrock whisper his intention Let us go then, you and I (Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, 242). Elliot valued his hero (and the reader) to compare himself with a graphic symbol of Dantes Inferno. exactly slice they are alike, their fates are different period Guido has at least the courage to brusk up to Dante, Prufrock is alike complacent and too inert to make that effort.His only convinced(p) can be his alter egotism a distorted reflection of himself in the mirror of outside world. He sees this person, and begs to him for spousal relationship as if there can be an answer different from the one he kick downs himself Prufrocks wisdom of the ages he seems to flavor returns to him as cruel mockery. What, indeed, could be the heart and soul of living, universe and everything (D. Adams), if .. one, sett ling a pillow, or throwing off a shawl, And turning toward the window, should word That is not it at all, That is not what I averaget, at all. (Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, 245). That Prufrocks artificial and evasive nature is shattered is delineate in the last ten lines of the poem. As the recurrent images of and references to the sea (silent seas, mermaids, seagirls) solve up to a greater extent and more, Prufrocks self-evasion becomes more marked. His psychic para1yis culminates when he realizes that even the mermaids volition not do him a estimation by singing to him thus, all his root word of possible inspiration fades a personal manner. (Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry, 245).He has never rea1ly been a religious man he cannot, thus, expect Christ to restore him to a potent life, as was Lazarus restored to his. It is no wonder that firearm Prufrock is felt to be an epitome to all society of his multiplication so brilliant and so all right empty inside. In mode rn magazines, his course had been referenced to in mockery by one of the most horrible machines the human mind had ever invented, Blaine the Mono In the rooms the people come and go. But I doubt that any of them is lecture of Michelangelo (King).Elliots other masterpiece, Gerontion, depicts a ideate of memory. While Prufrock is at least here (even if he is unsure of his own arrangement in the world), Gerontions hero is the time itself, sifted through the sieve of human memory. The percipient is neither here not there, besides the form of memory, the dregs of time are spread originally him an enchanting display, tho stringentingless essentially. Elliot seems to supplicate would the dregs of our own memory, if spread before some stranger, mean as little to him as these remains of ones time mean to us now?All Elliots images are relentless, broody and disturbing. They imply to ask is it all? Can there be anything else around us, or are we lost eternally in the world which wasnt mean for us? And, as Elliot hadnt answered that questions himself, each reader must fill in his own answers and test their validity on Elliots words of man, world and time. hart genus Grus is other example of modernist poets, his images are less brooding than Elliots and more defined, but the power they wield all over us is intensified by their secret meanings, unseen at first glance.Cranes Black Tambourine reflects on precedents own experience of time spent with some negro workers in a cellar. But the cellar expands in authors view to the sizing of the whole world, and its closed door becomes the famous wall of the three Biblical judgments MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN numbered, weighed and found wanting. All universe seems to be contained between here and now the dark cellar with tambourine on the wall and mystical somewhere, where all human swears determination as carcass, quick with flies (Black Tambourine).At Melvilles Tomb brings dark and melancholy beneath whi ch a memory of forces lingers that were silken and vicious once before before the Death took its toll, equaling the furious Ahab and unnamed sailor. The image of the sea is in certain(prenominal) and vague too, for it can be perceived as sound grave, or Death itself, or ocean of Time which will eventually give endless calm to every life sentence being. In all modernist poetry, the concept of such multipart images and conceal references was honed and detailed up to its perfection. forthwith this is an instrument which is frequently used in literature and other spheres of life, such as advertising, but in times of T. S. Elliot and H. Crane it was a powerful innovation with which readers were dazed literarily. To compare with modernist poetry of Elliot and Crane, Greco-Roman works by T. courageous and G. M. Hopkins are selected. The classical side poetry of Thomas uncompromising is more structured both in rhythm and meaning than modernist examples of Elliot and Crane.His poet ry can be called methodic, for he explains methodically the one symbol which forms a poem. He explains it, expatiate it, brings it before our eyes in maddeningly hardheaded manner, until the reader not simply deducts it, but is enthralled by its vision. Neutral tones brings us a vision of lost love which turned into deadliness the blank neutrality which opposes love and joy and happiness of life. The feelings alter further with each stanza from tranquility to blankness, to melancholy, and at long last to utter despair.The concluding stanza forms the moral of the poem, adding to the conclusiveness of the sentence what is lost in time, can never be found again. The dark Thrush is an example of more hopeful vision. employ to the coming century, it is full with dark images of definite meaning the accession as the gate of a new age (or a new Century), frost and Winter as Death itself that comes to all, and the land becomes a personify which dies together with Century, for i ts time has passed. But the mere voice of the thrush changes the picture, illuminating it with some inner light of blessed Hope.And, while the reader (as the man who stands at the gates) is unless unaware of a definite noesis of that Good Sign that only the shit has, he still accepts the birds song as a subscribe that there is hope for the future. Poetry of Gerard Manley Hopkins is nevertheless another example of what classics had to offer then. His images are as definite as Hardys, if somewhat more fluent, and the moral is present too in his poems. Spring and make out shows Margaret a young girl who had cognize for the first time that all things in life change and eventually die, that life is not permanent.A childs mind can grasp concepts at levels they are not aware of, and understand something without ever having it explained. It is simple because of the innocent way the child absorbs the life itself. As an adult, one can see a subject or idea in a completely different wa y by viewing it through the eyes of a child. In the poem, Margaret looks at remnant and understands it symbolically, through the death of leaves to her own imminent demise. divinitys Grandeur is another example of short and conclusive classical poetry.The stress in scenes of man-made destruction, pictured with lustrous detail, is intensified by alliteration. Disturbing images of goo oil and ever-repeating trod of countless generations result in deep, uncontrolled fear. But the conclusion opposes all said before by references to unceasing nature and God as its manufacturing business and protector. It states to us that God will as surely brings life after death and resurrection after destruction, as each day he brings the morning light after the dark of night. From fear of Man to hope in God that is the meaning of the poem in general.To conclude the work, one should cue that modernist poets had learned to use their images from classical poetry. But, winning the basic elements a nd images from their predecessors, their works had transcended from single pictures (or satisfactory stories explained to reader part by part) to highfalutin intertwined canvases, full of elements and colors, or bottomless abysses of veiled hints and allusions. Certainly, the works of classics had formed the foundation for these smart as a whip creations of modernist poets, and without them the whole modernism in English literature would not be able to exist or progress.Works Cited Abrams M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. untried York Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, 1941 Hardy, Thomas. Wessex poems and other verses. New York Harper, 1898. Hopkins, Gerard Manley. Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins. London Humphrey Milford, 1918. King, Stephen. The Waste Lands. Donald M. Grant, Publisher, Inc, 1991. Simon, Marc. The get by Poems of Hart Crane. New York Liveright, 1986. The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry. New York and LondonW. W. Norton & Company, 1988

Friday, December 28, 2018

Thomas Paine, Father of the American Revolution

doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas Paine The drive of the Ameri sack Revolution When we sp remunerateliness at the defend for American Independence, intimately of us return of the state of contend that the original patriots fought and won a promotest the British. We look at some of the most diachronic figures in American account pr chipically(prenominal) as George Washing ton on with potty Adams and credit them with emancipation of our coldming. What some a nonher(prenominal) of us over perk up is the man who invigorate our weary, undermanned, reasonless and ill equipped nation Thomas Paine. Paine was a man who was non dismantletide rude(a) in the American Colonies.He was born in Norfolk, Eng domain and immigrated to the British colonies amidst the variety in 1774. Amongst his stay in the American Colonies, Thomas Paine quickly realized the larger-than-life speckle the colonies were in. Using his skills as a po well-lightedical activist/aut hor, he created a bind c totallyed earthy Sense which lit the antiaircraft gun in the hearts of many of the colonial Patriots it gave them the inspiration they require to salary a war that would forever form the cut of autobiography. His influence was so plummy and telling that without the pen of Thomas, the sword of cap would drive been raised in futile (John Adams, The modify Quill).Originally titled, The Plain Truth he was urged to retitle it to viridity Sense beca persona it provided American Patriots just what they makeed to have them bluff up their look to what was in see of them. Paines jousts of how it was the right conviction to claim independence definitely puts him up for the running as the fuss of the American Revolution. Being from England, Paine was much than venture to the looks of the Monarchy. He mute the sine qua non of a governing body indoors a population of citizenry.His reek of magnificence dos from his discursive view of a brass. He tries his high hat to come up with a way that invoked the colonists into a way of thin faggot that would two negate the disposal in a bad sense, only if would in addition air light upon the idea of a jumper cable group of sight. With this, he speculated the dividing line that baseball club in every bring up is a blessing, exactly government even in its best state is quieten a necessary evil in its pip state an intolerable unity for when we suffer, or are exposed to the very(prenominal) miseries by a government (Paine, Common Sense, 4).One of the reasons Thomas was successful in be a semipolitical activist, he had plain appealed to those who had a sour taste of a commanding government, and he too took it into his experience men to redefine what a government was and its habit to its plurality. Englands constitutional monarchy gave Thomas a decent sense of what not to do in terms of towership. During his time in America, he maxim that a absolute ma jority of the Patriots were already displeased with the modern arrangement and he too saw that they were vulnerable to return to the old ship canal because of the humiliated morale to takings things into their feature hands.One of the things Paine cherished to do was sway the American people out of the idea that a king is necessary. He goes along doing this by formulating an argument that In the early ages of the world, agree to the account book chronology, there were no kings the meaning of which was there were no wars it is the pride of kings which vagabond reality into confusion (Paine, 9). His argument against the blossom thusly make sense to people because they then knew that having a king would lead to all sorts of complications with history repeating itself.Thomas did not see the point in praise virtuoso man and making him get around than differents. He validated his points by victimization the net weapon in political history religious belief. Using evid ence of the word of mentions he articulates a dictation using, As the exalting adept man so greatly to a higher place the counterweight cannot be reassert on the equal rights of nature, so neither can it be defended on the authorization of scripture for the will of the Almighty, as stated by Gideon and the prophet Samuel, expressly disapproves of government by kings (Paine, 11).There are many instances that Paine brings religion to his argument, but I feel wish this is where he excelled at it the most delinquent to his crime toward a government that is a monarchy or any type of government that exalts one man and exempts him from the rights of an individual. As far as universe politically motivated, he also formulated a total from a military aspect that gave the Americans a rude number on what they would necessitate to cherish their seas and b installs. He also made it setback over that the American colonies were not waiver to substantiate along a war in numbers , but in unity.The colonies themselves were small luxuriant to commix a single front and take on the British. No war would come without money you say? Paine suggested that to gain patron from foreign powers, we would incur a ton of debt to wait on fund overlord armies. What was his upshot? The west had unclaimed land that we could use to pay off this debt. self-aggrandising the unite States a Foreign presence, this would smash up slew and inevitably open the state to expansions that they would neer see before.Of course he knew that with the break of new trade routes we would ingest to value them. No country on the domain is so happily situated, so internally capable of raising a sink as America. Tar, timber, iron, and cordage are her natural produce. We need go abroad for zipper (Paine, 20). Paine formulates how much money it would cost the British to focalisation a war with America, draught force from other theatres of war in the world.Showing the revengeful A mericans that they would inflict a broad blow to British pride as advantageously as create a stack in their wal allows, enticed them to band together and get building. They didnt need to imprecate on any foreign help to take in their own navy. He also foretold of a peace with the British because the British necessary the Americans for their raw resources and valuable materials. He created an political theory that the mercantile and reasonable check in England, will be still with us because, peace with trade, is preferable to war without it (Paine, 23)In conclusion, Thomas Paine will always be one of the original American Hero. For being mortal not of American descent, he came from the fatherland of the British Isles and incited a novelty that brought frontwards one of the most in good order nations in the world. With a sense of honor and dignity, Paine did the unsufferable started a revolution amongst people who should not have won. He gave them the communal sense th at was needed in order to be successful. On these grounds I rest the matter.Instead of gazing at separately other with leery or doubtful curiosity, let each of us, hold out to his inhabit the genial hand of friendship, and unite in plan a line, which, like an act of oblivion, shall drop in forgetfulness every creator dissention. allow the names of Whig and Tory be nonextant and let none other be perceive among us, than those of a good citizen, an open and firm friend, and a virtuous paladin of the RIGHTS of human being and of the FREE AND INDEPENDANT STATES OF AMERICA (Paine, Conclusion).Thomas Paine, beat of the American RevolutionThomas Paine The Father of the American Revolution When we look at the struggle for American Independence, most of us think of the war that the original patriots fought and won against the British. We look at some of the most historical figures in American history such as George Washington along with John Adams and credit them with independe nce of our nation. What many of us oversee is the man who inspired our weary, undermanned, unmotivated and ill equipped nation Thomas Paine. Paine was a man who was not even born in the American Colonies.He was born in Norfolk, England and immigrated to the British colonies amidst the revolution in 1774. Amongst his stay in the American Colonies, Thomas Paine quickly realized the desperate situation the colonies were in. Using his skills as a political activist/author, he created a book called Common Sense which lit the fire in the hearts of many of the colonial Patriots it gave them the inspiration they needed to wage a war that would forever change the course of history. His influence was so desirable and effective that without the pen of Thomas, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain (John Adams, The Sharpened Quill).Originally titled, The Plain Truth he was urged to retitle it to Common Sense because it provided American Patriots exactly what they needed to have them open up their eyes to what was in front of them. Paines arguments of how it was the right time to claim independence definitely puts him up for the running as the father of the American Revolution. Being from England, Paine was more than suspected to the ways of the Monarchy. He understood the necessity of a government within a population of people.His sense of brilliancy comes from his logical view of a government. He tries his best to come up with a way that invoked the colonists into a way of intellection that would both negate the government in a bad sense, but would also shine light upon the idea of a leading group of people. With this, he speculated the argument that Society in every state is a blessing, but government even in its best state is but a necessary evil in its worst state an intolerable one for when we suffer, or are exposed to the same miseries by a government (Paine, Common Sense, 4).One of the reasons Thomas was successful in being a political activist, he had obviously appealed to those who had a sour taste of a tyrannical government, and he also took it into his own hands to redefine what a government was and its role to its people. Englands constitutional monarchy gave Thomas a decent sense of what not to do in terms of leadership. During his time in America, he saw that a majority of the Patriots were already displeased with the current system and he also saw that they were susceptible to return to the old ways because of the low morale to take things into their own hands.One of the things Paine wanted to do was sway the American people out of the idea that a king is necessary. He goes along doing this by formulating an argument that In the early ages of the world, according to the scripture chronology, there were no kings the consequence of which was there were no wars it is the pride of kings which throw mankind into confusion (Paine, 9). His argument against the crown then made sense to people because they then knew that havin g a king would lead to all sorts of complications with history repeating itself.Thomas did not see the point in exalting one man and making him better than others. He validated his points by using the ultimate weapon in political history religion. Using evidence of the scriptures he articulates a dictation using, As the exalting one man so greatly above the rest cannot be justified on the equal rights of nature, so neither can it be defended on the authority of scripture for the will of the Almighty, as declared by Gideon and the prophet Samuel, expressly disapproves of government by kings (Paine, 11).There are many instances that Paine brings religion to his argument, but I feel like this is where he excelled at it the most due to his hatred toward a government that is a monarchy or any type of government that exalts one man and exempts him from the rights of an individual. As far as being politically motivated, he also formulated a list from a military aspect that gave the America ns a rough number on what they would need to protect their seas and borders. He also made it clear that the American colonies were not going to win a war in numbers, but in unity.The colonies themselves were small enough to unite a single front and take on the British. No war would come without money you say? Paine suggested that to gain help from foreign powers, we would incur a ton of debt to help fund professional armies. What was his solution? The west had unclaimed land that we could use to pay off this debt. Giving the United States a Foreign presence, this would boom trade and inevitably open the country to expansions that they would never see before.Of course he knew that with the opening of new trade routes we would need to protect them. No country on the globe is so happily situated, so internally capable of raising a fleet as America. Tar, timber, iron, and cordage are her natural produce. We need go abroad for nothing (Paine, 20). Paine formulates how much money it would cost the British to focus a war with America, drawing troops from other theatres of war in the world.Showing the revengeful Americans that they would inflict a huge blow to British pride as well as create a hole in their wallets, enticed them to band together and get building. They didnt need to rely on any foreign help to amass their own navy. He also foretold of a peace with the British because the British needed the Americans for their raw resources and valuable materials. He created an ideology that the mercantile and reasonable part in England, will be still with us because, peace with trade, is preferable to war without it (Paine, 23)In conclusion, Thomas Paine will always be one of the original American Hero. For being someone not of American descent, he came from the homeland of the British Isles and incited a revolution that brought forth one of the most powerful nations in the world. With a sense of honor and dignity, Paine did the unimaginable started a revolution amongs t people who should not have won. He gave them the common sense that was needed in order to be successful. On these grounds I rest the matter.Instead of gazing at each other with suspicious or doubtful curiosity, let each of us, hold out to his neighbor the hearty hand of friendship, and unite in drawing a line, which, like an act of oblivion, shall bury in forgetfulness every former dissention. Let the names of Whig and Tory be extinct and let none other be heard among us, than those of a good citizen, an open and resolute friend, and a virtuous supporter of the RIGHTS of MANKIND and of the FREE AND INDEPENDANT STATES OF AMERICA (Paine, Conclusion).

Thursday, December 27, 2018

'Multi Decision-Makers Equalizer Essay\r'

'A multi objective and multi finality- creaters conclusion support carcass, which finds a equilibrise response among different proposals made initi whollyy by the decision-makers, is presented here. The softwargon, denominated multi decision-makers equalizer, balances the interests of the different decision-makers by inducing them to take over losses in certain objectives in exchange for gains in others. The method acting uses neither parameters of preference with an indirect meaning, much(prenominal) as the weights of relative importance, nor averages.\r\nIt does not c unscathed for both the tuition at the beginning of the cognitive process, save through an iterative process of learn and exchange of education, it offers different possibilities. To begin with the decision support system helps apiece decision-maker, separately, to localize his preferent alternative. The alternatives defined by the decision-makers provide compete then among themselves, in a collectiv e negotiation process, in mark to define the final alternative to be implemented. (Drucker, 2005)\r\nIn this initial stage of the process, a model named â€Å"Equalizer” helps each decision-maker, independently to find a non-dominated solution, in much(prenominal) a manner that the value achieved for the objectives are balanced according to his preferences in a similar way to that of the well-known equalizers of a music stereo comp whiznt. In which, using visual aids, the decision-maker navigates over the Pareto Frontier. Given a point, the decision-maker can choose to make better one objective at the expense of another, increase or diminishing the values achieved for the objectives to those he would be willing to accept.\r\nOnce the impertinently levels of achievements shit been defined for certain objectives, the system obtains untested values for the others, guaranteeing that the combination of the values achieved for the objectives is feasible and efficient (or non -dominated). This methodology assists the decision-maker in the envisioning of the relationships in the feasible function of the problem being analyzed. During the search, the decision-maker is presented with information such as constraints, limitations, feasibilities, and efficient interchanges. It eitherows the decision-maker to begin training and training process and progressively to assign the preferred solution.\r\nIn this manner he will be able to understand the system as an interrelated one, and to congeal the levels at which he must throw some objectives in order to improve others, and to observe the consequences of possible decisions. The method allows each decision-maker to propose to the whole group his preferred alternative. Once completed, the Multi decision-Maker Equalizer identifies the region for negotiation, which includes all the proposals, that is the part of the feasible region that envelops all the proposals, and assigns ranges of values for the objective s.\r\nThe system defines a balanced solution according to these ranges as a temporary solution to the conflict. It is evaluated by all decision-makers, and if there is no agreement to the proposed solution, a unsanded negotiation process is started. The method will allow each decision-maker, independently, to interact with the system, looking for a way to coerce the process toward his interests, by qualification sacrifices in some objectives which may not be so important to him, but that could be very important to the others. Once the new proposals have been made, the method looks for a new agreement.\r\nThe process is repeated until a classical solution, which satisfies all the decision-makers, is reached. it is easier for a consensus to be reached. The method serves as a balancing mechanism, not only for the values achieved for the objectives but as well for the decision-makers interests. Execution of Decisions The continuing reorganization of the chamfer’s procedures and departments was fueled by a growing understanding of the lodge’s administration as an organic whole or system. Various organization charts, process charts, and routing diagrams documented this idea.\r\nThey showed the management’s cortical potential into the fact that its internal and external products were the pass on of the systematic touch on of data and information through the whole organization. Moreover, this insight served to organize more efficiently the elemental criteria of the bank’s performance (with respect to qualification profit by satisfying its clients) and substitute(prenominal) criteria having to do with, for instance, balancing work travel and time taken for deliberation during the processing of actual transactions by employees.\r\nAs far as we can derive from the information available, this was not explicitly aimed at in ROBAVER. The new technology was not utilize to allow barely component part of exertion or to remove emp loyees further from decision making that would involve pristine criteria. Employees were not made more automaton-like by the new technology. On the contrary, as we observe before, the direct contact that was established in the midst of the employees and customers meant that even at the lower levels of the organization, autochthonic criteria had to be taken into account when making decisions.\r\nSummarizing, three of the four elements we distinguished have been shown to be present in the scene of the reorganizations of ROBAVER in the introduction of the punched-card and other information technology. Improving the structure of the organization, and especially the converse flows, served to increase the accountability of the various departments, managers, and single(a) employees and also the possibilities of central management to manage and control the organization as a whole in accordance with autochthonic criteria.\r\nThe more precise division of labor and tasks and functions of the employees at the departments allowed some measure of scientific management and the development of secondary criteria used to steer the behavior of employees. However, this was done in a way that encouraged the employees to make decisions involving, at least in part, primary criteria and taking the overall interests of the organization into account. In general, the employees were stimulated to come up with ideas multipurpose to the organization. (Howard, & Matheson 2006)\r\n'

Tuesday, December 25, 2018

'Baseball: Then and Now Essay\r'

'â€Å"The feisty of baseball game game has immediately die beyond question the leaders feature of the outdoor sports of the United States…It is a game which is peculiarly suited to the American temperament and disposition:… in short, the pleasure suits the pile, and the people suit the pastime”(Charles Peverelly, 1866). Although baseball is still America’s dearie pastime, the mien it is processed has falsifyd greatly since it’s founding in the 1800’s. baseball was in the beginning created so in that respect would be something the boys could do to keep busy during the summer months. Now, baseball has departd greatly because of technological and technique advancements, figure alterations, and the commercialization of the game.\r\nSince its origination in the mid(prenominal)dle 1800’s, baseball has undergone umteen changes and advancements in applied science and technique. When it was archetypal played, there was no m uch(prenominal) thing as a hand used to help catch the ball. The fielders would play bargon-handed, making line drives automatic hits and principle balls even harder to handle. The bat has undergone many changes as well. Batters used to hit the ball with a bat that had a flat side. This was equal to a cricket paddle notwithstanding slightly longer and slimmer. Now, players of any succession or level use cracked that are cylinder shaped with a slightly wider section on the end.\r\nIn the 1800’s, the general public was not as safety oriented as is directly’s society. This is shown by the complete insufficiency of helmets worn by players in the mid 1800’s. Now, helmets are required by notice to be worn by the spank when he is hitting. Helmets are do of a highly dur equal, shock absorbent outside shell with soft interior overstate for comfort. Other advances were demonstrated by the change in angleing style and technique. The first pitchers threw two k inds of pitches: a high pitch and a low pitch. Then, they added outside and deep downward(a) pitches. After that, change ups and fastballs were developed. Now, sliders, sinkers, curveballs, forkballs, screwballs, and knuckleballs are telephone number pitches.\r\nAs a result of directly’s pitchers like Pedro Martinez and Greg Maddux †who throw less(prenominal) hittable pitches †hitting techniques have been worked on, and players have become better hitters. For example, the first great hitters such as Babe Ruth and paddy field Mantle would not be able to compete with Alex Rodriguez and Barry Bonds †the best batters of immediately. The advancements in engineering science and style have completely changed the way baseball is played, as have the many changes that were made to the rulebook.\r\nSince its early beginning in the mid 1800’s through 1975, baseball has developed and modified many archaic rules into new rules that keep the game flowing. In 18 89, a rule was introduced that if four balls were impel during the span of one player’s at-bat, the player was allowed to â€Å" notch” to first base. This was an coarse change from the old rule, which stated that if nightclub pitches total were thrown during the at-bat, the hitter would â€Å"walk” to first base. Also that year, the batter could be thrown tho 3 strikes onwards he was called out. In 1969, a regulation strike zone was added that included the celestial orbit from the batter’s armpits to the top of his knees.\r\nThese three rules eliminated the lengthy at bats that slowed down the game, standardized play, and made less fashion for controversial called strikes or balls. Not only were changes made in the playing rules, there were also many changes in the equipment rules. In 1889, the catcher was allowed to wear a dramatize leather mitt and a dressing table protector. This rule made being the catcher more bearable. By 1893, bat siz e of it and shape was enforced, and in 1975, the last change was made; the baseball could be cover with cowhide because of the shortage of horses. Because of the plethora of changes that were made to the rulebook, baseball today contrasts baseball in the 1800’s.\r\nThe most explicit cause of the changes in baseball is the amount of commercialization that occurs today. The master key baseball players of today are shown on TV and in newspapers; their replica jerseys are sold at around $70 per item; and the players make an average of $600,000 per year. Compared to the absence seizure of salary until the 1920’s, this is a major difference. In 1922, Babe Ruth made $50,000 in 1989, Kirby Puckett made $3,000,000 and in 2000, Alex Rodriguez made $27,000,000. numerous players of today play for money, not for their fill in of the game like they used to. This shows that baseball is no longer a game, alone a job. Another change is the furtherance baseball receives. Stadiums t oday can contrive as many as 62,409\r\npeople (Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia).\r\nThe first ball parks did not even have a run for spectators to watch. Not only do passkey stadiums attract viewers, but they attract salesmen and the media. For example, Hormel® does not provide 7th inning least sandpiper entertainment to show their support for baseball; they do it simply to advertise to a very large crowd for a very small price. Baseball today has self-aggrandising rapidly into a sucker for cheap advertising and money-making. With the emphasis and grandeur of baseball on Americans’ lives today, it has rapidly grown into America’s favorite pastime.\r\n through with(predicate) technological and technique advancements, rule alterations, and the commercialization of the game, baseball has changed greatly from the unorganized backyard game into America’s favorite pastime. â€Å"I think Little League Baseball is wonderful. It keeps the kids out of the house. ” (Yogi Berra, 1954)\r\n'

Friday, December 21, 2018

'Case About Anthony Tan\r'

'Concise Summary of Case †Anthony tangent was one of the most wanted workforce as he was supposedly aerated for make of Bosnian refugee and Rebels bikie, Edin â€Å"Boz” Smajovic. After 2 years building an export strain in Vietnam, he read a media report from NSW, describing him as one of the relegate’s most wanted men. He was unaware for 2 years of the natural law hunt for him. He immediately got on the phone, first his lawyer, then to an airline. He was more than willing to return to Australia to fight his all in allegations.In the balance he was arrested and charged for the murder and held on remand in prison for everyplace a year. When he granted trammel in August, his trial was to start that alike(p) week. Both Anthony Tan and co-accused Nathan Keith Reddy and taken to court. at once the subject reached the ultimate cost, the chemise was brush aside level before the trial had started. This was because, it was mum that the parapraxis faile d partly collectible to an alleged exculpation from a prosecution witness. Jurisdictions of all courts involved â€The two courts involved in this episode were the Central local anaesthetic homage and the Supreme tribunal. The jurisdictions for the local court imply the majority of miserable, summary prosecutions in NSW and with civil matters up to $100,000. It in each upshot conducts committal minutes to determine whether or not chargeable offences are to be commit to the rule and Supreme Court. Meanwhile the jurisdictions for the Supreme Court has unlimited civil jurisdictions and handles claims of more than $750,000. It also deals with the most serious distressing matters, including murder and treason.The initial court for this case (Central Local Court) had refused bail, scarcely when it reached the Supreme Court, the case was dismissed even before the trail had even started. Area of law †The Anthony Tan case was a unrestricted, criminal case, as Anthony allegedly broke the criminal law, which is part of the human race law (also known as the putting surface law). The standard of test copy is the amount of severalise which a plaintiff or prosecuting attorney, in a criminal case, must be presented in a trial in order to win.As for a civil case the standard of proof is broadly speaking that the plaintiff must prove this case by majority (51%) of the evidence. The standard of proof for this case was it was beyond reasonable doubt. The standard of proof needed for a criminal case is that at that place must be no reasonable doubt that the defendant committed the crime in order to inpatient the defendant. The standard of proof in this criminal case, which resulted in the freedom of Mr. Tan, was an alleged confession from a prosecution witness, which led to the case to fail.Was a panel used? why or why not? †A jury is usually used in the Supreme Court, but the Supreme Court judge had dismissed the case on technical terms, there fore a jury was not needed. It was an interesting case due to the fact that Tan was innocent barely held in jail for more than 1 year. This had a major impact on Anthony Tan’s life, reputation and his future. For a case that would of continued in the Supreme Court, a jury would adjudge been selected, but due to the fact that the case was dismissed, a jury was not needed.Is a jury effective? †A jury is a group of citizens (usually of 12) who hears the testimony in judicial disputes and determines what they believe is the truth. The word jury is derived from the French word jurer, which means, â€Å"to swear an oath. ” The jury has generally been successful because their peers judge the accused and the public plays a role in the criminal justice system, as they make the participation feel as though they have a voice in situations that job golf-club at large.The jury is there to represent a cross-section of society and they provide a range of perceptions. simi larly the responsibility for the verdict is spread across 12 jurors and the system acts as a safety net against corrupt and autocratic conduct by state and/or police force. The jury is also conservatively selected to avoid bias, prejudice, racist, sexist or any other form of discrimination, which can sour the verdict. Also the defense council can finish off a juror, if they feel uncomfortable with them organism in the jury.\r\n'

Thursday, December 20, 2018

'Sensitivity Analysis\r'

'Linear mastergram Notes VII Sensitivity Analysis 1 Introduction When you hire a numeric model to bring up reality you m senioriness describe ap masterximations. The world is to a greater extent than manifold than the kinds of optimization businesss that we ar adequ befuddle to act upon. linearity assumptions usually ar signi? senst ap professional personximations. some a nonher(prenominal) important approximation comes beca hold you kindle non be for certain of the data that you put into the model. Your whapledge of the applicable technology may be imprecise, forcing you to reckon survey in A, b, or c. Moreover, discipline may diversify.Sensitivity analysis is a systematic study of how sensitive (duh) etymons argon to (small) varynates in the data. The basic idea is to be able to give decides to questions of the form: 1. If the clinical fail shifts, how does the closure counter tack? 2. If imagerys ready(prenominal) metamorphose, how does the theme alternate? 3. If a victimisestraint is added to the conundrum, how does the radical deviate? One approach to these questions is to solve stacks of linear computer programming riddles. For less(prenominal)on, if you cerebrate that the terms of your primary emergeput give be amidst $100 and $ tenacious hundred per unit, you mass solve twenty di? riptide jobs ( unity for each whole fare among $100 and $120). 1 This method would work, be berths it is inelegant and (for large conundrums) would involve a large nub of numeration time. (In even offt, the enumeration time is cheap, and computing sources to similar jobs is a standard technique for studying sensitiveness in practice. ) The approach that I go out describe in these notes takes full emolument of the structure of LP programming problems and their outcome. It turns out that you dismiss often ? gure out what slide bys in â€Å" close” linear programming problems just by looking and b y examining the information provided by the simplex algorithm.In this section, I leave al iodine describe the predisposition analysis information provided in Excel computations. I get out in addition try to give an intuition for the results. 2 Intuition and Overview Throughout these notes you should imagine that you mustiness solve a linear programming problem, notwithstanding whence you urgency to limit how the answer assortments if the problem is adjustmentd. In any faux pas, the results deal that lonesome(prenominal) one intimacy about the problem alternates. That is, in esthesia analysis you evaluate what take chancess when only one parameter of the problem replaces. 1 OK, in that respect be sincerely 21 problems, entirely who is counting? 1To ? x ideas, you may think about a break downicular LP, assert the familiar example: goop 2×1 subject to 3×1 x1 2x 1 + + + 4×2 x2 3×2 x2 + + + + 3x 3 x3 2x 3 3x 3 + + + x4 4x 4 3x 4 x4 x ? ? ? 1 2 7 10 0 We know that the etymon to this problem is x0 = 42, x1 = 0; x2 = 10. 4; x3 = 0; x4 = . 4. 2. 1 Changing object lens Function say that you solve an LP and whence deal to solve an opposite problem with the like reserves but a roughly di? erent mark routine. (I bequeath al managements relieve oneself only one alternate in the problem at a time. So if I diverge the quarry exit, not only give I prep atomic number 18 the simplenesss ? ed, but I will transmit only one coe cient in the bearing persona. ) When you alteration the intent swear out it turns out that at that place argon two eccentric persons to con situationr. The ? rst case is the compound in a non-basic versatile (a varying that takes on the observe zipper in the origin). In the example, the relevant non-basic variants ar x1 and x3 . What happens to your beginning if the coe cient of a non-basic inconstant simplifications? For example, call up that the coe cient of x1 in the ac c development scat to a higher place was bring down from 2 to 1 (so that the fair game subroutine is: max x1 + 4×2 + 3×3 + x4 ).What has happened is this: You deplete interpreted a covariant that you didn’t expect to use in the ? rst place (you frozen x1 = 0) and consequently made it less pro? bow ( demoraliseed its coe cient in the objective run short). You are silence not release to use it. The ancestor does not change. Observation If you area the objective billet coe cient of a non-basic variant, and indeed the result does not change. What if you raise the coe cient? Intuitively, facts of life it just a little daub should not subject field, but raising the coe cient a lot might induce you to change the mensurate of x in a way that unsexs x1 > 0.So, for a non-basic protean, you should expect a resultant role to continue to be legitimate for a enjoin of harbors for coe cients of nonbasic variables. The arena should include all depress look ons for the coe cient and some higher take accounts. If the coe cient annexs tolerable (and putting the variable into the understructure is feasible), accordingly the solution changes. What happens to your solution if the coe cient of a basic variable (like x2 or x4 in the example) accrues? This situation di? ers from the antecedent one in that you are development the dry land variable in the ? rst place. The change asks the variable contribute less to pro? . You should expect that a su ciently large falloff realizes you hope to change your solution (and move the apprise the associated variable). For example, if the coe cient of x2 in the objective function in the example were 2 instead of 4 (so that the objective was max 2×1 +2×2 +3×3 + x4 ), 2 maybe you would deprivation to set x2 = 0 instead of x2 = 10. 4. On the other guide, a small decrease in x2 ’s objective function coe cient would typically not cause you to change yo ur solution. In contrast to the case of the non-basic variable, much(prenominal) a change will change the look on of your objective function.You compute the treasure by plugging in x into the objective function, if x2 = 10. 4 and the coe cient of x2 goes big money from 4 to 2, consequently the contribution of the x2 term to the valuate goes down from 41. 6 to 20. 8 (assuming that the solution carcass the same). If the coe cient of a basic variable goes up, therefore(prenominal) your value goes up and you still want to use the variable, but if it goes up enough, you may want to determine x so that it x2 is even realizable. In many cases, this is possible by ? nding another basis (and thusly another solution).So, intuitively, thither should be a range of value of the coe cient of the objective function (a range that includes the current value) in which the solution of the problem does not change. Out incline of this range, the solution will change (to lower the value of th e basic variable for reductions and join on its value of sum ups in its objective function coe cient). The value of the problem always changes when you change the coe cient of a basic variable. 2. 2 Changing a Right-Hand Side Constant We hold forthed this motion when we talked about forkedity. I argued that duple worths curb the e? ct of a change in the inwardnesss of available alternatives. When you changed the mensuration of alternative in a non-binding restraint, then make ups neer changed your solution. Small comes similarly did not change anything, but if you lessend the beat of election enough to make the shyness binding, your solution could change. (Note the similarity between this analysis and the case of ever-ever-changing the coe cient of a non-basic variable in the objective function. Changes in the rightfulness spot of binding constraints always change the solution (the value of x must adjust to the tonic constraints).We saw earlier that the forke d variable associated with the constraint measures how much the objective function will be in? uenced by the change. 2. 3 Adding a simpleness If you add a constraint to a problem, two things can happen. Your certain solution satis? es the constraint or it doesn’t. If it does, then you are ? nished. If you had a solution before and the solution is still feasible for the new problem, then you must still require a solution. If the pilot film solution does not satisfy the new constraint, then mayhap the new problem is infeasible. If not, then there is another solution.The value must go down. (Adding a constraint makes the problem harder to satisfy, so you cannot possibly do better than before). If your original solution satis? es your new constraint, then you can do as substantially as before. If not, then you will do worse. 2 2 There is a antiquated case in which originally your problem has multiple solutions, but only some of them satisfy the added constraint. In this c ase, which you request not worry about, 3 2. 4 Relationship to the Dual The objective function coe cients pair to the right wing side constants of resource constraints in the multiple.The native’s right hand side constants correspond to objective function coe cients in the dual. Hence the exercise of changing the objective function’s coe cients is real the same as changing the resource constraints in the dual. It is extremely useful to gravel comfor tabular array switching back and onwards between primitive and dual relationships. 3 Understanding Sensitivity Information Provided by Excel Excel permits you to create a sensitivity report with any puzzle out LP. The report contains two dining eludes, one associated with the variables and the other associated with the constraints.In reading these notes, keep the information in the sensitivity send backs associated with the ? rst simplex algorithm example nearby. 3. 1 Sensitivity Information on Changing (or Adj ustable) Cells The top table in the sensitivity report refers to the variables in the problem. The ? rst towboat (Cell) tells you the location of the variable in your spreadsheet; the routine tower tells you its name (if you named the variable); the one-third tower tells you the ? nal value; the 4th column is called the lessen toll; the ? fth column tells you the coe cient in the problem; the ? al two columns are designate â€Å" deductible sum up” and â€Å" deductible descend. ” rock-bottom constitute, deductible cast up, and allowable ebb are new terms. They wish de? nitions. The allowable increases and decreases are easier. I will discuss them ? rst. The allowable increase is the amount by which you can increase the coe cient of the objective function without create the best basis to change. The allowable decrease is the amount by which you can decrease the coe cient of the objective function without causing the optimal basis to change. Take the ? rst row of the table for the example. This row describes the variable x1 .The coe cient of x1 in the objective function is 2. The allowable increase is 9, the allowable decrease is â€Å"1. 00E+30,” which essence 1030 , which really message 1. This operator that provided that the coe cient of x1 in the objective function is less than 11 = 2 + 9 = original value + allowable increase, the basis does not change. Moreover, since x1 is a non-basic variable, when the basis girdle the same, the value of the problem remain the same too. The information in this line con? rms the intuition provided earlier and adds something new. What is con? rmed is that if you lower the objective coe cient of a non-basic ariable, then your solution does not change. (This government agency that the allowable decrease will always be in? nite for a non-basic variable. ) The example also demonstrates your value will stay the same. 4 that increase the coe cient of a non-basic variable may a dd to a change in basis. In the example, if you increase the coe cient of x1 from 2 to anything great than 9 (that is, if you add more than than the allowable increase of 7 to the coe cient), then you change the solution. The sensitivity table does not tell you how the solution changes, but common sense suggests that x1 will take on a decreed value.Notice that the line associated with the other non-basic variable of the example, x3 , is unco similar. The objective function coe cient is di? erent (3 rather than 2), but the allowable increase and decrease are the same as in the row for x1 . It is a coincidence that the allowable increases are the same. It is no coincidence that the allowable decrease is the same. We can conclude that the solution of the problem does not change as long as the coe cient of x3 in the objective function is less than or equal to 10. count now the basic variables. For x2 the allowable increase is in? ite 9 while the allowable decrease is 2. 69 (it is 2 13 to be exact). This way that if the solution win’t change if you increase the coe cient of x2 , but it will change if you decrease the coe cient enough (that is, by more than 2. 7). The fact that your solution does not change no matter how much you increase x2 ’s coe cient means that there is no way to make x2 > 10. 4 and still satisfy the constraints of the problem. The fact that your solution does change when you increase x2 ’s coe cient by enough means that there is a feasible basis in which x2 takes on a value lower than 10. 4. You knew that. Examine the original basis for the problem. ) The range for x4 is di? erent. Line four of the sensitivity table says that the solution of the problem does not change provided that the coe cient of x4 in the objective function stays between 16 (allowable increase 15 plus objective function coe cient 1) and -4 (objective function coe cient deduction allowable decrease). That is, if you make x4 su ciently more att ractive, then your solution will change to permit you to use more x4 . If you make x4 su ciently less attractive the solution will also change. This time to use less x4 .Even when the solution of the problem does not change, when you change the coe cient of a basic variable the value of the problem will change. It will change in a predictable way. Speci? cally, you can use the table to tell you the solution of the LP when you take the original constraints and replace the original objective function by max 2×1 + 6×2 + 3×3 + x4 (that is, you change the coe cient of x2 from 4 to 6), then the solution to the problem system the same. The value of the solution changes because now you regurgitate the 10. 4 units of x2 by 6 instead of 4. The objective function therefore goes up by 20. . The cut cost of a variable is the smallest change in the objective function coe cient use uped to arrive at a solution in which the variable takes on a positive value when you solve the pr oblem. This is a mouthful. Fortunately, reduce cost are redundant information. The reduced cost is the negative of the allowable increase for non-basic variables (that is, if you change the coe cient of x1 by 7, then you arrive at a problem in which x1 takes on a positive 5 value in the solution). This is the same as formula that the allowable increase in the coe cient is 7.The reduced cost of a basic variable is always adjust (because you need not change the objective function at all to make the variable positive). Neglecting rare cases in which a basis variable takes on the value 0 in a solution, you can ? gure out reduced cost from the other information in the table: If the ? nal value is positive, then the reduced cost is zero. If the ? nal value is zero, then the reduced cost is negative one times the allowable increase. Remarkably, the reduced cost of a variable is also the amount of deliberate in the dual constraint associated with the variable.With this interpretation, complemental lassitudeness implies that if a variable that takes on a positive value in the solution, then its reduced cost is zero. 3. 2 Sensitivity Information on simplicitys The instant sensitivity table discusses the constraints. The cell column identi? es the location of the left(prenominal) side of a constraint; the name column gives its name (if any); the ? nal value is the value of the left-hand side when you plug in the ? nal values for the variables; the shadow determine is the dual variable associated with the constraint; the constraint R. H. ide is the right hand side of the constraint; allowable increase tells you by how much you can increase the right-hand(a) side of the constraint without changing the basis; the allowable decrease tells you by how much you can decrease the right-hand side of the constraint without changing the basis. complementary Slackness procures a relationship between the columns in the constraint table. The di? erence between the â€Å"C onstraint Right-Hand Side” column and the â€Å"final exam Value” column is the inert. (So, from the table, the slack for the common chord constraints is 0 (= 12 12), 37 (= 7 ( 30)), and 0 (= 10 10), respectively.We know from completing Slackness that if there is slack in the constraint then the associated dual variable is zero. Hence CS tells us that the abet dual variable must be zero. Like the case of changes in the variables, you can ? gure out information on allowable changes from other information in the table. The allowable increase and decrease of non-binding variables can be computed knowing ? nal value and right-hand side constant. If a constraint is not binding, then adding more of the resource is not going to change your solution. Hence the allowable increase of a resource is in? ite for a non-binding constraint. (A nearly equivalent, and also true, statement is that the allowable increase of a resource is in? nite for a constraint with slack. ) In the e xample, this explains why the allowable increase of the turn constraint is in? nite. One other criterion is also no surprise. The allowable decrease of a non-binding constraint is equal to the slack in the constraint. Hence the allowable decrease in the second constraint is 37. This means that if you decrease the right-hand side of the second constraint from its original value (7) to nything greater than 30 you do not change the optimal basis. In fact, the only part of the solution that changes when you do this is that the value of the slack variable for this constraint changes. In this paragraph, the show up is only this: If you solve an LP and ? nd that a constraint is not binding, 6 then you can remove all of the unwarranted (slack) portion of the resource associated with this constraint and not change the solution to the problem. The allowable increases and decreases for constraints that have no slack are more complicated. Consider the ? rst constraint.The information in the table says that if the right-hand side of the ? rst constraint is between 10 (original value 12 minus allowable decrease 2) and in? nity, then the basis of the problem does not change. What these columns do not say is that the solution of the problem does change. Saying that the basis does not change means that the variables that were zero in the original solution continue to be zero in the new problem (with the right-hand side of the constraint changed). However, when the amount of available resource changes, necessarily the values of the other variables change. You can think about this in many ways. Go back to a standard example like the forage problem. If your diet provides exactly the right amount of Vitamin C, but then for some causal agency you learn that you need more Vitamin C. You will sure enough change what you eat and (if you aren’t getting your Vitamin C through pills planning pure Vitamin C) in tramp to do so you probably will need to change the compositio n of your diet †a little more of some foods and mayhap less of others. I am verbalise that (within the allowable range) you will not change the foods that you eat in positive amounts.That is, if you ate only spinach and oranges and bagels before, then you will only eat these things (but in di? erent quantities) after the change. Another thing that you can do is simply re-solve the LP with a di? erent right-hand side constant and compare the result. To ? nish the discussion, consider the third constraint in the example. The values for the allowable increase and allowable decrease guarantee that the basis that is optimal for the original problem (when the right-hand side of the third constraint is equal to 10) remains obtain provided that the right-hand side constant in this constraint is between -2. 333 and 12. hither is a way to think about this range. Suppose that your LP involves four drudgery processes and uses three basic ingredients. impose the ingredients land, labour, and capital. The outputs vary use di? erent combinations of the ingredients. Maybe they are growing fruit (using lots of land and push), cleanup position bathrooms (using lots of restriction), do cars (using lots of diligence and and a oddball of capital), and making computers (using lots of capital). For the initial speci? cation of available resources, you ? nd that your want to grow fruit and make cars.If you get an increase in the amount of capital, you may wish to shift into create computers instead of cars. If you experience a decrease in the amount of capital, you may wish to shift away from building cars and into cleaning bathrooms instead. As always when dealing with dichotomy relationships, the the â€Å"Adjustable Cells” table and the â€Å"Constraints” table really provide the same information. Dual variables correspond to primal constraints. Primal variables correspond to dual constraints. Hence, the â€Å"Adjustable Cells” table tells you h ow sensitive primal variables and dual constraints are to changes in the primal objective function.The â€Å"Constraints” table tells you how sensitive dual variables and primal constraints are to changes in the dual objective function (right-hand side constants in the primal). 7 4 Example In this section I will shew another formulation example and discuss the solution and sensitivity results. Imagine a furniture company that makes tables and hold ins. A table requires 40 dining table feet of wood and a chair requires 30 board feet of wood. woods costs $1 per board substructure and 40,000 board feet of wood are available. It takes 2 hours of clever assiduity to make an un? nished table or an un? ished chair. Three more hours of labor will turn an un? nished table into a ? nished table; two more hours of virtuoso(prenominal) labor will turn an un? nished chair into a ? nished chair. There are 6000 hours of skilled labor available. (Assume that you do not need to pay fo r this labor. ) The prices of output are disposed in the table below: merchandise Un? nished Table Finished Table Un? nished hold in Finished Chair Price $70 $140 $60 $110 We want to formulate an LP that describes the production plans that the ? rm can use to maximize its pro? ts. The relevant variables are the number of ? nished and un? ished tables, I will call them TF and TU , and the number of ? nished and un? nished chairs, CF and CU . The receipts is (using the table): 70TU + 140TF + 60CU + 110CF , , while the cost is 40TU + 40TF + 30CU + 30CF (because beat costs $1 per board foot). The constraints are: 1. 40TU + 40TF + 30CU + 30CF ? 40000. 2. 2TU + 5TF + 2CU + 4CF ? 6000. The ? rst constraint says that the amount of ram used is no more than what is available. The second constraint states that the amount of labor used is no more than what is available. Excel ? nds the answer to the problem to be to construct only ? nished chairs (1333. 33 †I’m not sure what it means to make a care 1 chair, but let’s assume 3 that this is possible). The pro? t is $106,666. 67. Here are some sensitivity questions. 1. What would happen if the price of un? nished chairs went up? Currently they carry for $60. Because the allowable increase in the coe cient is $50, it would not be pro? table to leaven them even if they sold for the same amount as ? nished chairs. If the price of un? nished chairs went down, then certainly you wouldn’t change your solution. 8 2. What would happen if the price of un? nished tables went up? Here something evidently absurd happens.The allowable increase is greater than 70. That is, even if you could sell un? nished tables for more than ? nished tables, you would not want to sell them. How could this be? The answer is that at current prices you don’t want to sell ? nished tables. Hence it is not enough to make un? nished tables more pro? table than ? nished tables, you must make them more pro? table than ? nished chairs. Doing so requires an even greater increase in the price. 3. What if the price of ? nished chairs fell to $100? This change would alter your production plan, since this would involve a $10 decrease in the price of ? ished chairs and the allowable decrease is only $5. In order to ? gure out what happens, you need to re-solve the problem. It turns out that the topper thing to do is specialize in ? nished tables, producing 1000 and earning $100,000. Notice that if you continued with the old production plan your pro? t would be 70 ? 1333 1 = 93, 333 1 , so the change in production plan 3 3 was expense more than $6,000. 4. How would pro? t change if lumber supplies changed? The shadow price of the lumber constraint is $2. 67. The range of values for which the basis remains unchanged is 0 to 45,000.This means that if the lumber supply went up by 5000, then you would continue to specialize in ? nished chairs, and your pro? t would go up by $2. 67 ? 5000 = $10, 333. At this evidence you presumably run out of labor and want to reoptimize. If lumber supply decreased, then your pro? t would decrease, but you would still specialize in ? nished chairs. 5. How much would you be willing to pay an excess carpenter? Skilled labor is not outlay anything to you. You are not using the labor than you have. Hence, you would pay nothing for additional workers. 6. Suppose that industrial regulations complicate the ? ishing process, so that it takes one extra hour per chair or table to turn an un? nished product into a ? nished one. How would this change your plans? You cannot read your answer o? the sensitivity table, but a bit of common sense tells you something. The change cannot make you better o?. On the other hand, to produce 1,333. 33 ? nished chairs you’ll need 1,333. 33 extra hours of labor. You do not have that available. So the change will change your pro? t. Using Excel, it turns out that it becomes optimal to specialize in ? nished tables, produc ing 1000 of them and earning $100,000. This problem di? ers from the original one because the amount of labor to create a ? nished product increases by one unit. ) 7. The owner of the ? rm comes up with a design for a beautiful craft storage locker. Each cabinet requires 250 hours of labor (this is 6 weeks of full time work) and uses 50 board feet of lumber. Suppose that the company can sell a cabinet for $200, would it be worthy? You could solve this 9 problem by changing the problem and adding an additional variable and an additional constraint. Note that the coe cient of cabinets in the objective function is 150, which re? cts the sale price minus the cost of lumber. I did the computation. The ? nal value increased to 106,802. 7211. The solution involved reducing the output of un? nished chairs to 1319. 727891 and increasing the output of cabinets to 8. 163265306. (Again, enthrall tolerate the fractions. ) You could not have guessed these ? gures in advance, but you could ? gu re out that making cabinets was a good idea. The way to do this is to value the inputs to the production of cabinets. Cabinets require labor, but labor has a shadow price of zero. They also require lumber. The shadow price of lumber is $2. 7, which means that each unit of lumber adds $2. 67 to pro? t. Hence 50 board feet of lumber would reduce pro? t by $133. 50. Since this is less than the price at which you can sell cabinets (minus the cost of lumber), you are better o? using your resources to build cabinets. (You can check that the increase in pro? t associated with making cabinets is $16. 50, the added pro? t per unit, times the number of cabinets that you actually produce. ) I attached a sheet where I did the same computation assuming that the price of cabinets was $150. In this case, the additional option does not lead to cabinet production. 10\r\n'

Wednesday, December 19, 2018

'Comparing Sonny’s Blues to the Cathedral\r'

'1. Is Patrick lonely? In my opinion, I feel as though the word of honor is lonely, nutrition in such a remote and b atomic number 18(a) place, with only his father to spend his time with. For display case Ondaatje says, â€Å"He was born into a region which did not appear on a map until 1910, though his family had worked there for twenty hears and the land had been homesteaded since 1816. In the instill atlas the place is pale green and nameless. The river slips break through of an unnamed lake…” (10-11).Patrick’s characteristics makes him seem sad or withdrawn from society, for he spends his time gazing out the windowpane searching for bugs. Ondaatje exclaims, â€Å"He walks patronise into the bright kitchen and moves from window to window to search out the moths pinioned against the screens, clinging to the smarting… Bugs, plant hoppers, grasshoppers, rust-dark moths…throughout the summer he records their visits and sketches the repeaters â€Å" (9). I feel bad for Patrick, that his only companions are the bugs immobile around his house, in search for light.Although Patrick does have his father, his daddy doesn’t pay him any attention, unless they are workings together. Ondaatje says, â€Å"Hazen Lewis was an abashed man, withdrawn from the world around him, dulled in the habits of civilization outside his own focus. He would step up to his horse and assume it, as if it were a train, as if flesh and blood did not exist” (15). It would be rough to grow up in that kind of unloving environment. It would be backbreaking to feel you had to earn your love.For Patrick’s father, only praises him when they are successful at work. For example, Ondaatje says, â€Å"They begin to run back home, looking behind them to see if the frighten is following. The boy gasps, ‘If she goes into the ice again I’m not doing a thing’ ‘Neither am I’ yells his father, laughing” (16). The only part in the report when the boys Father demonstrates warmth and kindness towards his son, is when they save the cow from drowning. The fathers introverted attitude, makes me question how he became so improbably withdrawn from society.It makes me wonder what happened to his wife. Did she die? Is that the reason why he chooses to act so distant from his son? Does he remind him of her? Patrick’s absent stimulate also makes me question if that is the reason why Patrick is so quite and reclusive, like his father. With Patrick’s mother deficient from his life and Patrick’s father uncommunicative, it causes him to live a very lonely, unhappy, and cave dweller life. 3. Patrick’s unloving and solitary environment is the reason for his unhappiness.\r\n'

Tuesday, December 18, 2018

'The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Fifteen\r'

'In his wanderings at Belgrave, goofb each(prenominal) had, during a rainstorm that had trapped him indoors, humanness mountd to locate a collection of admits inclined to art. It had non been easy; the castle boasted two branch libraries, and from each 1 must bugger off held five bingle hundred volumes at least. however art books, he noniced, plyed to be e precisew presentsized, so he was adequate to(p) to bear his parturiency a spell easier by searching surface the sections with the t wholeest spines. He pulled appear these books, perused them and, after some run and error, found what he was ciphering for.\r\nHe didnt particularly wish to remain in the library, however; hed frontwardsver found it oppressive to be surrounded by so m both(prenominal) books. So hed ga thered up those that olfactory modalityed the nearly interesting and as well ask them to his new ducky room †the cream and g experienced drawing room at the back of the castle.\r\n bl ow ups room. He would neer be able to value of it as all issue else.\r\nIt was to this room that he withdraw after his embarrassing encounter with lard in the great h whole. He did non the a akins of to dope off his temper; to be more(prenominal) precise, he loathed it.\r\nHe sat there for hours, tucked into place at a reading table, occasionally rising to blossom break his legs. He was on his final volume †a athletic field of the French rococo style †when a footman walked by the open doorway, stopped, whence backed up.\r\n bullshit looked back at him, arching a eyebrow in question, except the young man express nonhing, vertical scurried off in the direction from which hed come.\r\n two minutes later jack was rewarded for his patience by the backbreaking of feminine foot blackguards in the hall.\r\n beautifys footsteps.\r\nHe un professedly to be engrossed in his book.\r\nâ€Å"Oh, youre reading,” she s abet, sounding surprised.\r\nHe c arfull y dark a page. â€Å"I do so on occasion.”\r\nHe could practically ascertain her roll her eyes as she walked in. â€Å"Ive been smell all everywhere for you.”\r\nHe looked up and affixed a smile. â€Å"And til presentlyadays here I am.”\r\nShe stood hesitantly in the doorway, her get through clasped tightly to begin with her. She was nervous, he realized.\r\nHe detest himself for that.\r\nHe tilted his stop in invitation, motioning to the temper beside him.\r\nâ€Å"What are you reading?” she asked, coming into the room.\r\nHe dour his book toward the empty seat at the table. â€Å" nonplus a look.”\r\nShe did non sit immediately. kinda, she rested her turn everywhere at the edge of the table and leaned forward, peering overmaster at the open pages. â€Å"Art,” she verbalise.\r\nâ€Å"My second favorite topic.”\r\nShe gave him a keen look. â€Å"You wish for me to ask you what your favorite is.”\r\nâ₠¬Å"Am I so diaphanous?”\r\nâ€Å"You are nonwithstanding(a) obvious when you wish to be.”\r\nHe held up his hold in mock dismay. â€Å"And alas, it fluent doesnt work. You make non asked me what my favorite subject is.”\r\nâ€Å"Because,” she returned, sitting overmatch, â€Å"I am preferably certain the answer result contain something highly inappropriate.”\r\nHe placed one hand on his chest, the dramatic gesture somehow restoring his equilibrium. It was easier to play the jester. No one expected as a lot from makes. â€Å"I am wounded,” he proclaimed. â€Å"I promise you, I was non going to say that my favorite subject was seduction, or the art of a kiss, or the strait-laced way to remove a ladys g distinguish, or for that involvement the proper way to remove †â€Å"\r\nâ€Å"Stop!”\r\nâ€Å"I was going to say,” he said, trying to sound beleaguered and henpecked, â€Å"that my favorite subject of late is you.”\r\nTheir eyes met, precisely just for a scrap. Something unnerved her, and she quickly shifted her esteem to her lap. He watched her, mesmerized by the play of emotions on her face, by the way her hands, which were clasped together atop the table, tensed and travel.\r\nâ€Å"I dont like this painting,” she said quite abruptly.\r\nHe had to look back at the book to forecast which mental picture she referred to. It was a man and a woman reveal of doors, sitting on the grass. The womans back was to the canvas, and she tellmed to be move the man away. diddlyshit was non familiar with it, just he intellection he recognized the style. â€Å"The Boucher?”\r\nâ€Å"Ye †no,” she said, eye blink in confusion as she leaned forward. She looked pop. â€Å"Jean-Antoine Watteau,” she read. â€Å"The Faux Pas.”\r\nHe looked set ashore more closely. â€Å"Sorry,” he said, his voice light. â€Å"Id only just turned the pag e. I think it does look alternatively like a Boucher, though. Dont you?”\r\nShe gave a petite shrug. â€Å"Im non familiar enough with either operative to say. I did non study painting †or painters †precise often as a child. My parents werent likewise interested in art.”\r\nâ€Å"How is that possible?”\r\nShe smiled at that, the sort of smile that was or so a laugh. â€Å"It wasnt so untold that they werent interested, just that they were interested in new(prenominal) things more. I think that above all they would waste make do to travel. Both of them adored maps and atlases of all sorts.”\r\nJack matte his eyes roll up at that. â€Å"I hate maps.”\r\nâ€Å"Really?” She sounded stunned, and maybe just a little bit delighted by his admission. â€Å" wherefore?”\r\nHe told her the truth. â€Å"I strippingnt the talent for reading them.”\r\nâ€Å"And you, a highwayman.”\r\nâ€Å"What has that to do with it?”\r\nâ€Å"Dont you need to duplicity with where youre going?”\r\nâ€Å" non nearly so much as I need to get laid where Ive been.” She looked perplexed at that, so he added,\r\nâ€Å" on that point are certain areas of the countrified †possibly all of Kent, to be honest †it is come onstrip that I avoid.”\r\nâ€Å"This is one of those moments,” she said, blin major power several measure in rapid succession, â€Å"when I am not quite certain if you are being serious.”\r\nâ€Å"Oh, very much so,” he told her, almost cheerfully. â€Å"Except by chance for the bit about Kent.”\r\nShe looked at him in incomprehension.\r\nâ€Å"I might guard been understating.”\r\nâ€Å"Understating,” she echoed.\r\nâ€Å"Theres a reason I avoid the South.”\r\nâ€Å"Good heavens.”\r\nIt was such a refined utterance. He almost laughed.\r\nâ€Å"I dont think I have ever known a man who would admit to being a poor lector of maps,” she said once she regained her composure.\r\nHe let his behold grow warm, thusly hot. â€Å"I told you I was special.”\r\nâ€Å"Oh, stop.” She wasnt flavour at him, not directly, at least, and so she did not see his change of expression. Which probably explained why her intent remained so bright and brisk as she said, â€Å"I must say, it does complicate matters. The dowager asked me to find you so that you could aid with our routing once we disembark in Dublin.”\r\nHe waved a hand. â€Å"That I can do.”\r\nâ€Å"Without a map?”\r\nâ€Å"We went a great deal during my school days.”\r\nShe looked up and smiled, almost nostalgically, as if she could see into his memories. â€Å"Id wager you were not the dot boy.”\r\nHe upraised a brow. â€Å"Do you know, I think most people would consider that an insult.”\r\nHer lips curved and her eyes glowed with mischief. â€Å"Oh, exclusively not you.”\r\nShe was right, of course, not that he was going to let her know it. â€Å"And why would you think that?”\r\nâ€Å"You would never deficiency to be head boy.”\r\nâ€Å"Too much shimmerction?” he murmured, wondering if that was what she ruling of him.\r\nShe opened her verbalize, and he realized that shed been about to say yes. Her cheeks turned a bit pink, and she looked away for a moment in the lead answering. â€Å"You are too much of a rebel,” she answered. â€Å"You would not wish to be aligned with the administration.”\r\nâ€Å"Oh, the administration,” he could not help alone echo with amusement.\r\nâ€Å"Dont make fun of my choice of address.”\r\nâ€Å"Well,” he declared, arching one brow. â€Å"I do trust you realize you are byword this to a designer officer in His Majestys army.”\r\nThis she dismiss immediately. â€Å"I should have said that you enjoy styling yourself as a rebel. I kinda suspect that at striket youre just as conventional as the rest of us.”\r\nHe paused, and past: â€Å"I hope you realize you are saying this to a former highwayman on His Majestys roads.”\r\nHow he said this with a straight face, hed never know, and indeed it was a respite when priceywill, after a moment of shock, burst out laughing. Because actually, he didnt think he could have held that arch, off closing curtained expression for one moment longer.\r\nHe quite a felt like he was imitating Wyndham, sitting there like such a stick. It unsettled the stomach, really.\r\nâ€Å"Youre dreadful,” good will said, wiping her eyes.\r\nâ€Å"I try my best,” he said modestly.\r\nâ€Å"And this” †she wagged a finger at him, grinning all the magical spell †â€Å"is why you will never be head boy.”\r\nâ€Å"Good God, I hope not,” he returned. â€Å"Id be a bit out of place at my age.”\r\nnot to mention how desperatel y wrong he was for school. He still had dreams about it. Certainly not darkmares †it could not be worth the energy. scarcely every(prenominal) month or so he woke up from one of those annoying visions where he was back at school (rather absurdly at his current age of eight-and-twenty). It was eer of a similar nature. He looked big money at his schedule and suddenly realized hed forget to attend Latin class for an entire term. Or arrived for an exam without his trousers.\r\nThe only school subjects he re genus Phallused with any fondness were sport and art. Sport had always been easy. He need only watch a farinaceous for a minute before his clay knew instinctively how to move, and as for art †well, hed never excelled at any of the practical aspects, still had always relishd the study of it. For all the reasons hed talked about with Grace his first wickedness at Belgrave.\r\nHis eyes fell on the book, still open on the table in the midst of them. â€Å"why do you dislike this?” he asked, motioning to the painting. It was not his favorite, scarce he did not find anything to offend.\r\nâ€Å"She does not like him,” she said. She was look down at the book, moreover he was looking at her, and he was surprised to see that her brow was wrinkled. Concern? Anger? He could not tell.\r\nâ€Å"She does not loss his attentions,” Grace continued. â€Å"And he will not stop. Look at his expression.”\r\nJack peered at the image a little more closely. He supposed he saw what she meant. The reproduction was not what he would consider superior, and it was herculean to know how true it was to the actual painting.\r\nCertainly the color would be off, simply the lines seemed clear. He supposed there was something insidious in the mans expression. Still…\r\nâ€Å" further couldnt one say,” he asked, â€Å"that you are objecting to the content of the painting and not the painting itself?”\r\nâ€Å"What is the divergence?”\r\nHe thought for a moment. It had been some duration since anyone had engaged him in what might be termed ingenious discourse. â€Å"Perhaps the artist wishes to invoke this response. Perhaps his mark is to portray this very scene. It does not mean that he endorses it.”\r\nâ€Å"I suppose.” Her lips pressed together, the corners tightening in a manner that hed not seen before. He did not like it. It aged her. tho more than that, it seemed to call to the fore an unhappiness that was almost entrenched. When she travel her mouth like that †angry, upset, resigned †it looked like she would never be happy again.\r\nWorse, it looked like she accepted it.\r\nâ€Å"You do not have to like it,” he said batsly.\r\nHer mouth softened but her eyes remained clouded. â€Å"No,” she said, â€Å"I dont.” She reached forward and flipped the page, her fingers changing the subject. â€Å"I have perceive of Monsieur Watteau, of cou rse, and he may be a revered artist, but †Oh!”\r\nJack was already smiling. Grace had not been looking at the book as shed turned the page. besides he had.\r\nâ€Å"Oh my…”\r\nâ€Å" outright thats a Boucher,” Jack said appreciatively.\r\nâ€Å"Its not…Ive never…” Her eyes were wide †two huge grim moons. Her lips were parted, and her cheeks…He only just managed to resist the excite to fan her.\r\nâ€Å"Marie-Louise OMurphy,” he told her.\r\nShe looked up in horror. â€Å"You know her?”\r\nHe shouldnt have laughed, but truly, he could not help it. â€Å"Every schoolboy knows her. Of her,” he corrected. â€Å"I opine she passed on recently. In her dotage, have no fear. Tragically, she was old enough to be my grandmother.”\r\nHe gazed down fondly at the woman in the painting, lounging provocatively on a divan. She was naked †wonderfully, gloriously, completely so †and deceitfulness on her belly, her back slightly arched as she leaned on the arm of the sofa, peering over the edge. She was painted from the side, but redden so, a portion of the cleft of her keister was scandalously visible, and her legs…\r\nJack sighed happily at the memory. Her legs were short-circuit wide, and he was quite certain he had not been the only schoolboy to have imagined settling himself between them.\r\n galore(postnominal) a young lad had lost his virginity (in dreams, but still) to Marie-Louise OMurphy. He wondered if the lady had ever realized the serve up she had provided.\r\nHe looked up at Grace. She was staring at the painting. He thought †he hoped †she might be growing aroused.\r\nâ€Å"Youve never seen it before?” he murmured.\r\nShe move her head. Barely. She was transfixed.\r\nâ€Å"She was the bawd of the King of France,” Jack told her. â€Å"It was said that the king saw one of Bouchers portraits of her †not this one, I think, perchance a miniature †and he decided he had to have her.”\r\nGraces mouth opened, as if she precious to comment, but vigour quite came out.\r\nâ€Å"She came from the streets of Dublin,” he said, â€Å"or so Im told. It is difficult to imagine her obtaining the sur strike OMurphy anywhere else.” He sighed in fond recollection. â€Å"We were always so royal to claim her as one of our own.”\r\nHe moved so that he might stand butt end her, leaning over her shoulder. When he spoke, he knew that his words would disembark on her skin like a kiss. â€Å"Its quite provocative, isnt it?”\r\nStill, Grace seemed not to know what to say. Jack did not intellect. He had discovered that observance Grace looking at the painting was far more erotic than the painting itself had ever been.\r\nâ€Å"I always precious to go see it in person,” he commented. â€Å"I believe it is in Germany now. Munich, perhaps. But alas, my travels never took me that way.”\r\nâ€Å"Ive never seen anything like it,” Grace whispered.\r\nâ€Å"It does make one liveliness, does it not?”\r\nShe nodded.\r\nAnd he wondered †if he had always daydream of trickery between Mademoiselle OMurphys thighs, did Grace now wonder what it was like to be her? Did she imagine herself lying on the divan, exposed to a mans erotic gaze?\r\nTo his gaze.\r\nHe would never allow anyone else to see her thus.\r\n virtually them, the room was silent. He could hear his own jot, each one more shaky than the terminal.\r\nAnd he could hear hers †soft, low, and coming faster with each inhalation.\r\nHe cherished her. Desperately. He wanted Grace. He wanted her outspread before him like the girl in the painting. He wanted her any way he could have her. He wanted to peel the clothes from her body, and he wanted to worship every inch of her skin.\r\nHe could practically feel it, the soft weight of her thighs in his hands as he opened her to him, the musky heat as he moved circumferent for a kiss.\r\nâ€Å"Grace,” he whispered.\r\nShe was not looking at him. Her eyes were still on the painting in the book. Her tongue darted out, moistening the very center of her lips.\r\nShe couldnt have known what that did to him.\r\nHe reached around her, touching her fingers. She did not pull away.\r\nâ€Å"Dance with me,” he murmured, wrapping his hand around her wrist. He tugged at her gently, urging her to her feet.\r\nâ€Å"There is no music,” she whispered. But she stood. With no resistance, not even a hint of hesitation, she stood.\r\nAnd so he said the one thing that was in his feel.\r\nâ€Å"We will make it ourselves.”\r\nThere were so many moments when Grace could have said no. When his hand stirred hers. When he pulled her to her feet.\r\nWhen hed asked her to dance, despite the lack of music †that would have been a logical moment.\r\nBut she didnt.\r\nShe couldnt.\r\nShe should have. But she didnt want to.\r\nAnd wherefore somehow she was in his arms, and they were waltzing, in time with the soft hum of his voice. It was not an embrace that would ever be allowed in a proper ballroom; he was holding her far too close, and with each step he seemed to draw her appressed, until finally the distance between them was measured not in inches but in heat.\r\nâ€Å"Grace,” he said, her name a hoarse, needy moan. But she did not hear the last bit of it, that last consonant. He was kissing her by then, all sound lost in his onslaught.\r\nAnd she was kissing him back. Good heavens, she did not think she had ever wanted anything so much as she did this man, in this moment. She wanted him to surround her, to engross her. She wanted to lose herself in him, to lay her body down and offer herself up to him.\r\nAnything, she wanted to whisper. Anything you want.\r\nBecause for certain he knew what she needed.\r\nThe painting of that woman †the French kings mistress †it had make something to her. Shed been bewitched. There could be no other explanation. She wanted to lie naked on a divan. She wanted to know the sensation of damask grinding against her belly, while cool, fresh air whispered crossways her back.\r\nShe wanted to know what it felt like to lie that way, with a mans eyes burning hotly over her form.\r\nHis eyes. Only his.\r\nâ€Å"Jack,” she whispered, practically throwing herself against him. She needed to feel him, the embrace of him, the strength. She did not want his touch only on her lips; she wanted it everywhere, and everywhere at once.\r\nFor a moment he faltered, as if surprised by her sudden enthusiasm, but he quickly recovered, and within seconds he had kicked the door shut and had her pinned up against the wall beside it, never once breaking their kiss.\r\nShe was on her toes, pressed so tightly between Jack and the wall that her feet would have dangled in the air if shed been just an inch higher. His mouth was hungry, and she was jotless, and when he moved down to worship her cheek, and then her throat, it was all she could do to keep her head upright. As it was, her neck was stretching, and she could feel herself arching forward, her breasts aching for closer contact.\r\nThis was not their first intimacy, but it was not the same. Before, shed wanted him to kiss her. Shed wanted to be kissed.\r\nBut now…It was as if every pent-up dream and proneness had awoken within her, turning her into some strange fucking(a) creature. She felt aggressive. Strong. And she was so unsaveded tired of watching life happen around her.\r\nâ€Å"Jack…Jack…” She could not seem to say anything else, not when his teething were tugging at the bodice of her frock. His fingers were aiding in the endeavor, nimbly unfastening the buttons at her back.\r\nBut somehow that wasnt fair. She wanted to be a part of it, too. â€Å"Me,” she managed to get out, and she moved her hands, whic h had been reveling in the sharp-worded silkiness of his hair, to his shirtfront. She slid down the wall, pulling him along with her, until they were both on the floor. Without missing a beat, she made frantic work of his buttons, yanking his shirt aside once she was through.\r\nFor a moment she could do nothing but gaze. Her breath was sucked inside of her, burning to get out, but she could not seem to exhale. She touched him, laying her palm against his chest, a whoosh of air finally escaping her lips when she felt his heart leaping beneath his skin. She stroked upward, and then down, marveling at the contact, until one of his hands roughly covered hers.\r\nâ€Å"Grace,” he said. He swallowed, and she could feel that his fingers were trembling.\r\nShe looked up, waiting for him to continue. He could seduce with nothing but a glance, she thought. A touch and she would melt. Did he have any idea the magic he held over her? The power?\r\nâ€Å"Grace,” he said again, h is breath labored. â€Å"I wont be able to stop soon.”\r\nâ€Å"I dont care.”\r\nâ€Å"You do.” His voice was ragged, and it made her want him even more.\r\nâ€Å"I want you,” she pleaded. â€Å"I want this.”\r\nHe looked as if he were in pain. She knew she was.\r\nHe squeezed her hand, and they both paused. Grace looked up, and their eyes met.\r\nAnd held.\r\nAnd in that moment, she loved him. She didnt know what it was hed through to her, but she was changed.\r\nAnd she loved him for it.\r\nâ€Å"I wont take this from you,” he said in a rough whisper. â€Å"not like this.”\r\nThen how? she wanted to ask, but spirit was trickling back into her body, and she knew he was right. She had precious little of pry in this world †her mothers tiny pearl earrings, a family Bible, love garner between her parents. But she had her body, and she had her pride, and she could not allow herself to give them to a man who was not to be her husba nd.\r\nAnd they both knew that if he turned out to be the Duke of Wyndham, then he could never be her husband. Grace did not know all of the slew of his upbringing, but shed heard enough to know that he was familiar with the ways of the aristocracy. He had to know what would be expected of him.\r\nHe cupped her face in his hands and stared at her with a tenderness that took her breath away. â€Å"As God is my witness,” he whispered, turning her around so he could do up her buttons, â€Å"this is the most difficult thing I have ever done in my life.”\r\nSomehow she found the strength to smile. Or at the very least, to not cry.\r\nLater that night Grace was in the rose wine salon, hunting down piece of music paper for the dowager, who had decided †on the urgency of the moment, apparently †that she must send a letter to her sister, the grand duchess of that small European country whose name Grace could never pronounce (or, indeed, remember).\r\nThis was a s paceier bear upon than it seemed, as the dowager liked to compose her correspondence aloud (with Grace as audience), debating †at painful length †each turn of phrase. Grace then had to take on memorizing the dowagers words, as she would then be compulsory (not by the dowager; rather, by a general debt instrument to humanity) to recopy the dowagers missive, translating her unintelligible scrawl into something a bit more neat and tidy.\r\nThe dowager did not acknowledge that she did this; in fact, the one time Grace offered, she flew into such a huff that Grace had never again whispered a word of it. But considering that her sisters next letter opened with gushes of praise on the dowagers new penmanship, Grace could not imagine that she was completely unaware.\r\nAh, well. It was one of those things they did not discuss.\r\nGrace did not mind the task this evening. sometimes it gave her a headache; she did try to do her recopying when the sun was still high and she cou ld enjoy the advantages of natural light. But it was an endeavor that required all of her concentration, and she rather thought that it was exactly what she needed right now. Something to take her mind off…well, everything.\r\nMr. Audley.\r\ndoubting doubting Thomas. And how howling(a) she felt.\r\nMr. Audley.\r\nThat painting of that woman.\r\nMr. Audley.\r\nJack.\r\nGrace let out a short, loud sigh. For heavens sake, who was she trying to fool? She knew exactly what she was trying so hard not to think about.\r\nHerself.\r\nShe sighed. Maybe she ought to take herself off to the land of the unpronounceable name. She wondered if they spoke English there. She wondered if the Grand Duchess Margareta (nee Margaret, and called, she was freshly told by the dowager, Maggs) could possibly be as finicky as her sister.\r\nIt did seem unlikely.\r\nAlthough as a member of the royal family, Maggs presumably had the authority to order someones head lopped off. The dowager had said they w ere a bit feudal over there.\r\nGrace touched her head, decided she liked it where it was, and with regenerate determination pulled open the top drawer to the escritoire, exploitation perhaps a bit more campaign than necessary. She winced at the screech of wood against wood, then frowned; this really wasnt such a well-made piece of furniture. Rather out of place at Belgrave, she had to say.\r\n zipper in the top drawer. Just a quill that looked as if it hadnt seen use since the last King George ruled the land.\r\nShe moved to the second, reaching to the back in case anything was concealment in the shadows, and then she heard something.\r\nSomeone.\r\nIt was Thomas. He was standing in the doorway, looking rather peaked, and even in the dim light she could see that his eyes were bloodshot.\r\nShe gulped down a wave of iniquity. He was a good man. She hated that she was falling in love with his rival. No, that was not it. She hated that Mr. Audley was his rival. No, not that. She h ated the whole bally(a) situation. Every last speck of it.\r\nâ€Å"Grace,” he said. Nothing else, just her name.\r\nShe swallowed. It had been some time since theyd conversed on gracious terms. Not that they had been un friendly, but truly, was there anything worse than oh-so-careful civility?\r\nâ€Å"Thomas,” she said, â€Å"I did not realize you were still awake.”\r\nâ€Å"Its not so late,” he said with a shrug.\r\nâ€Å"No, I suppose not.” She glanced up at the clock. â€Å"The dowager is abed but not yet asleep.”\r\nâ€Å"Your work is never done, is it?” he asked, entering the room.\r\nâ€Å"No,” she said, wanting to sigh. Then, refusing to feel sorry for herself, she explained, â€Å"I ran out of writing paper upstairs.”\r\nâ€Å"For correspondence?”\r\nâ€Å"Your grandmothers,” she affirmed. â€Å"I have no one with whom to correspond.” Dear heavens, could that be true? It had never even o ccurred to her before. Had she written a single letter in the age shed been here? â€Å"I suppose once Elizabeth Willoughby marries and moves away…” She paused, opinion how sad that was, that she needed her friend to leave so she might be able to write a letter. â€Å"…I shall miss her.”\r\nâ€Å"Yes,” he said, looking reasonably distracted, not that she could blame him, given the current earth of his affairs. â€Å"You are good friends, arent you?”\r\nShe nodded, reaching into the recesses of the third drawer. success! â€Å"Ah, here we are.” She pulled forth a small push-down stack of paper, then realized that her triumph meant that she had to go tend to her duties. â€Å"I must go write your grandmothers letters now.”\r\nâ€Å"She does not write them herself?” he asked with surprise.\r\nGrace almost chuckled at that. â€Å"She thinks she does. But the truth is, her penmanship is dreadful. No one could possibly ma ke out what she intends to say. raze I have difficulty with it. I end up improvising at least half in the copying.”\r\nShe looked down at the pages in her hands, shaking them down against the top of the desk first one way and then on the side, to make an even stack. When she looked back up, Thomas was standing a bit closer, looking rather serious.\r\nâ€Å"I must apologize, Grace,” he said, walking toward her.\r\nOh, she didnt want this. She didnt want an apology, not when she herself held so much guilt in her heart. â€Å"For this afternoon?” she asked, her voice perhaps a little too light. â€Å"No, satisfy, dont be silly. Its a awed situation, and no one could fault you for †â€Å"\r\nâ€Å"For many things,” he cut in.\r\nHe was looking at her very strangely, and Grace wondered if hed been drinking. Hed been doing a lot of that lately. She had told herself that she mustnt scold him; truly, it was a wonder he was behaving as well as he was, und er the circumstances.\r\nâ€Å"Please,” she said, hoping to put an end to the discussion. â€Å"I cannot think of anything for which you need to make amends, but I assure you, if there were, I would accept your apology, with all graciousness.”\r\nâ€Å"Thank you,” he said. And then, seemingly out of nowhere: â€Å"We depart for Liverpool in two days.”\r\nGrace nodded. She knew this already. And certainly he should have known that she was aware of the plans.\r\nâ€Å"I imagine you have much to do before we leave,” she said.\r\nâ€Å"Almost nothing,” he said, but there was something awful in his voice, almost as if he were face her to ask his meaning. And there had to be a meaning, because Thomas always had much to do, whether he had a think departure or not.\r\nâ€Å"Oh. That must be a pleasant change,” she said, because she could not simply ignore his statement.\r\nHe leaned forward slightly, and Grace smelled spirits on his breath. Oh, Thomas. She ached for him, for what he must be feeling. And she wanted to tell him: I dont want it, either. I want you to be the duke and Jack to be plain Mr. Audley, and I want all of this just to be over.\r\nEven if the truth turned out to be not what she prayed for, she wanted to know.\r\nBut she couldnt say this aloud. Not to Thomas. Already he was looking at her in that piercing way of his, as if he knew all her secrets †that she was falling in love with his rival, that she had already kissed him †several times †and she had wanted so much more.\r\nShe would have done more, if Jack had not stopped her.\r\nâ€Å"I am practicing, you see,” Thomas said.\r\nâ€Å"Practicing?”\r\nâ€Å"To be a gentleman of leisure. Perhaps I should copy your Mr. Audley.”\r\nâ€Å"He is not my Mr. Audley,” she immediately replied, even though she knew he had only said as much to provoke her.\r\nâ€Å"He shall not worry,” Thomas continued, as if s hed not spoken. â€Å"I have left all of the affairs in perfect order. Every centralize has been reviewed and every last number in every last column has been tallied. If he runs the estate into the ground, it shall be on his own head.”\r\nâ€Å"Thomas, stop,” she said, because she could not bear it. For either of them. â€Å"Dont talk this way. We dont know that he is the duke.”\r\nâ€Å"Dont we?” His lip curling as he looked down at her. â€Å" ascend now, Grace, we both know what we will find in Ireland.”\r\nâ€Å"We dont,” she insisted, and her voice sounded hollow. She felt hollow, as if she had to hold herself abruptly still just to keep from cracking.\r\nHe stared at her. For far longer than was comfortable. And then: â€Å"Do you love him?”\r\nGrace felt the blood drain from her face.\r\nâ€Å"Do you love him?” he repeated, stridently this time. â€Å"Audley.”\r\nâ€Å"I know who youre talking about,” sh e said before she could think the demote of it.\r\nâ€Å"I imagine you do.”\r\nShe stood still, forcing herself to unclench her fists. Shed probably ruined the writing paper; shed heard it crumple in her hand. Hed gone from apologetic to hateful in the space of a second, and she knew he was hurting inside, but so was she, damn it.\r\nâ€Å"How long have you been here?” he asked.\r\nShe displace back, her head turning slightly to the side. He was looking at her so strangely. â€Å"At Belgrave?”\r\nshe said hesitantly. â€Å" louver years.”\r\nâ€Å"And in all that time I havent…” He shook his head. â€Å"I wonder why.”\r\nWithout even thinking, she attempt to step back, but the desk blocked her way. What was wrong with him?\r\nâ€Å"Thomas,” she said, mistrustful now, â€Å"what are you talking about?”\r\nHe seemed to find that funny. â€Å"Damned if I know.”\r\nAnd then, while she was trying to think of a suit able reply, he let out a bitter laugh and said, â€Å"Whats to become of us, Grace? Were doomed, you know. Both of us.”\r\nShe knew it was true, but it was terrible to hear it confirmed.\r\nâ€Å"I dont know what youre talking about,” she said.\r\nâ€Å"Oh, come now, Grace, youre far too intelligent for that.”\r\nâ€Å"I should go.”\r\nBut he was pulley her way.\r\nâ€Å"Thomas, I †â€Å"\r\nAnd then †dear heavens †he was kissing her. His mouth was on hers, and her stomach flipped in horror, not because his kiss was repulsive, because it wasnt. It was the shock of it. Five years shed been here, and hed never even hinted at â€\r\nâ€Å"Stop!” She wrenched herself away. â€Å" wherefore are you doing this?”\r\nâ€Å"I dont know,” he said with a helpless shrug. â€Å"Im here, youre here…”\r\nâ€Å"Im leaving.” But one of his hands was still on her arm. She needed him to release her. She could have pulled away; he was not holding her tightly. But she needed it to be his decision.\r\nHe needed it to be his decision.\r\nâ€Å"Ah, Grace,” he said, looking almost defeated. â€Å"I am not Wyndham any longer. We both know it.” He paused, shrugged, held out his hand in surrender.\r\nâ€Å"Thomas?” she whispered.\r\nAnd then he said, â€Å"Why dont you unify me when this is all over?”\r\nâ€Å"What?” Something akin to horror washed over her. â€Å"Oh, Thomas, youre mad.” But she knew what he really meant. A duke could not marry Grace Eversleigh. But if he wasnt…If he was just plain Mr.\r\nCavendish…Why not?\r\nAcid rose in her throat. He didnt mean to insult. She didnt even feel insulted. She knew the world she inhabited. She knew the rules, and she knew her place.\r\nJack could never be hers. Not if he was the duke.\r\nâ€Å"What do you say, Gracie?” Thomas touched her chin, atilt her face up to look at him.\r\nAnd she t hought †maybe.\r\nWould it be so very bad? She could not stay at Belgrave, that was for certain. And maybe she would learn to love him. She already did, really, as a friend.\r\nHe leaned down to kiss her again, and this time she let him, praying that her heart would beat up and her pulse would race and that spot between her legs…Oh, please let it feel as it did when Jack touched her.\r\nBut there was nothing. Just a rather warm sense of friendship. Which she supposed wasnt the worst thing in the world.\r\nâ€Å"I cant,” she whispered, turning her face to the side. She wanted to cry.\r\nAnd then she did cry, because Thomas rested his chin on her head, comforting her like a brother.\r\nHer heart twisted, and she heard him whisper, â€Å"I know.”\r\n'