Joan of Arc Research Paper

Joan the young warrior who created an impact on the world Joan was a brave warrior, a loving character to everyone around her. Joan of Arc is one of the many women who have created a major impact on the world; though she started very young, she followed the instructions given by God through Saint Catherine to help unite France and drive the English out. Joan, as a child, was very well disciplined. Her father Jacques d’ Arc, was the village’s central farmer and head chief; he had a way of running things very harshly.She shared a room with her three older brothers; they equally shared chores which included working in the fields, caring for animals, or cleaning the house. Her father preferred her older brothers in a way where he would always ignore Joan. Joan attended church more than an average person would. During her free time she would spend constant hours praying to God. She was a devout Christian, and true to her faith. The villagers of the town loved her, â€Å"she was such a good girl that almost everyone in Domremy loved her. † –Williamson pg. 3.Her constant praying, and attendance in the church, categorized her as the laughing stock of Joan’s age group. In the presence of her older brothers, and her mother she was loved. Joan’s Father didn’t favor her, because having a daughter in the family would bring higher taxes. The Friar of Domremy saw Joan enter the chapel, Notre Dame de Bermont, many times throughout the day. Joan would walk up to the altar and pray to God then recite â€Å"The Lord’s Prayer† Joan was said to have loved the church bells so much they gave her joy. This encouraged her to praise, and pray to God more than she ever did.Joan was so close to God that the Angel St. Catherine, St. Margret, and St. Michael appeared to her when she was seven years of age. They told her to be a good girl, and to always go to church. She followed their instructions and every time that she attend church she would hear their voices speak to her. Joan contributed majorly in the time of harvest to help bring in the crop. She helped her mother with sewing, cooking, and gathering the rest of the family from the field to come home when dusk was near. Though she wanted to tell her mother about the visits from the angels, she vowed never to tell anyone in the town of Domremy.Joan at the age of sixteen acquired an important mission by God. It required her to go to the town of Chinon, where she would appoint the Dauphin, Charles VII, to be King of France. Joan traveled to a nearby town called Vaucouleurs to ask the local military captain Robert de Bradricourt for an escort to escort her to Chinon to see Charles VII. Sir Robert refused Joan’s request, and sent her to her uncle, Durand, who was currently living in Vaucouleurs to take Joan back to her father and â€Å"box her ears† (to slap her with the palm of their hand up across her head to make her deaf for a while. Dur and saw that Joan noticed that Sir Robert did not want to send her to go and see the Dauphin. Returning back to Vaucouleurs Joan asked Sir Robert for a third time. He had agreed, yet Joan already knew the answer, St. Catherine had already told her that he would finally say yes to her request. Her uncle provided her with armor, Sir Robert supplied Joan with, horses, food, and he brought along some men to assist them if trouble were to come along the way to Chinon. On their halfway point of their journey to Chinon, they camped along side a small river. The night was cold, and the days were cool, being so close to the winter season.In the morning they awoke to the sound of horse’s hooves pounding on the floor. Burgundians have just raided a nearby village, and have taken some captives, along with items from the village, and money. Joan hearing the cries of the captives, she went and attacked the Burgundians even though she didn’t know how to fight. Sir Robert knowing took his men and fought the group of Burgundians, they killed them without suffering any loses, or injuries; sending the Captives home along with some of the stolen items they couldn’t return, for the Burgundians have burned their Village down as they raided it.As Joan arrived in Chinon, word had spread throughout France that a young girl would come and claim to be the Maid of Orleans, as said in prophecy. As she entered Chinon, the people started to call her the Maid of Orleans. Joan corrected them, and told them that she wasn’t the Maid; she was just a mere messenger from God with a mission. She came to a conclusion on her mission, where she would appoint Charles VII as King of France. All she needed to do was talk to Charles and show him the sign that God wanted him to see. Joan considered that she would need to have an audience that had to be accepted.She went to the chapel to pray to God one last time before she met Charles. Before Joan had entered the room where Char les was, he decided to put together a test for Joan to see if her God was real or not. He would place a man in royal clothing and have him sit upon the throne, while Charles wore common gentleman’s clothing and hide in the crowd. Joan’s audience with Charles was accepted; with the test prepared they allowed her to enter the room. Upon reaching the throne she turned and walked up to Charles hidden in the crowd dressed in commoners clothing. Joan kneeled replying â€Å"Gentle Dauphin, God give you long life. -Hall, pg. 4 The Dauphin declined being Charles, yet she says the one sitting on the throne is but a mere gentleman and that the man in front of her is Charles. She said God had shown her where Charles was located in the room. The town of Orleans was under Siege of England. Its forces were so great that all hope in retaking Orleans’s was lost. The Dauphin was very impressed with Joan that he allowed her to face the enemy and clear a way for him to get to Rhei ms where he would be crowned King of France. The guards and captains scoffed at the idea that a teenage girl would be leading their army.Joan argued with the men about them saying that God won’t lead them to victory against the English, yet Joan cried it is God who gives the victory, and the men are the one’s who must fight. With a small band of men she traveled to Orleans, she rose against the English forces and won the battle for Orleans. She then declared herself to be commanded by her Saints that she could do anything through God’s power. Before the band of men and Joan set their course for Orleans Saint Catherine instructed Joan to travel to a nearby town of Fierbois and go to the church that is located there.She followed Saint Catherine’s instructions and traveled to the town of Fierbois. She knelt at the altar and began to pray to God. A sword crimson and gold scabbard was given to her. Now she set her travels to raise arms at the town of Orleans, and reclaim the city. Joan entered the outskirts of the city of Orleans where she would plan a battle strategy to drive the English out, though the Lord did not want Joan to use her sword and avoid shedding blood. Following God’s instructions Joan sent a letter to the English saying that they should listen to the commands that God has, and leave France.England declined the response and killed the messenger who presented the letter to them. Joan not wanting to start a battle was forced to by their reply. Many lives were lost heavily on both sides and Joan was wounded in the process, yet with her wound she still pressed on showing her courage and will to carry on through the strength of God. The battle for Orleans was won, and the town was back in France’s hands. The Dauphin Charles VII was now on his way to Rheims to be crowned as king of France. Joan’s victory has brought much hope to the remaining towns, and cities in territory of France along with more men to fill up Joan’s army.Joan had fulfilled her promises to God that she would help Charles VII become King of France. In the mid summer of July Charles VII had become King of France, and he had helped complete Joan’s mission. Joan stated at the day of Charles’s coronation â€Å"Gentle King,† she cried, in a voice with broken tears, â€Å"now is God’s pleasure fulfilled, who willed that I should raise the siege of Orleans and lead you to Rheims to receive your consecration. Now has He shown that you are a true King, and that France belongs to you alone. †-Hall pg. 9.Joan was told that she had to last a year, and from now and onward she fought like a high general, but with a great inspiration. Her next instructions were to take over Paris, yet these instructions weren’t from God but from Charles VII. The taking of Paris was none compared to the struggle of Orleans, but much more difficult. The English along with the Burgundians held hostile Paris. They had only one weakness and that was the fear that the Maid of Orleans would come and over take them. They knew in order to still hold France’s territory they had to remove Joan from the picture.They meet with Charles VII and held an agreement that they would give France’s capitol, Paris, back if they would hand Joan over to the English. Charles thinking of the matter of gaining Frances major city back, utterly agreed to the offer. Charles told Joan to prepare the troops and march onward to the city of Paris. Joan began to have pride in herself, and began calling herself the Maid of Orleans. She began her Journey to Paris with an army behind her along with the man who helped her begging her Journey Sir Robert Bradricourt. With the Help of God, and Her staff she claimed they will take Paris.The battle was lost and Joan was captured by the English and many of her men’s lives were now gone. Joan now a prisoner was forced to obey everything. The queen of Burgundy saw Joan and treated her with respect for she was the Maid of Orleans. The Queen released Joan only to go back with the Queen to give her anything that Joan would ask for. Joan only wished to go back with her army, but the queen declined telling her she wouldn’t return to France and that she would fight for England. Joan still a prisoner under the Queen was soon no longer in good care.The queen had died and soon Joan was taken away as a captive under France only to be treated horribly. Joan was trialed to court and charged for heresy, and witchcraft. Joan was trialed by the church. The church linked that Charles VII was in association with the devil. The trial was held in the Chapel Royal at Rouen Castle. The judge’s job was to prove that Joan was a heretic by using the means of torturing her to confess her sins and return to the church. They asked her question which included â€Å"what language did Joan’s Saints use? Were they naked? †-Williamso n pg. 28.Joan laughed at the idea and replied to the questions truthfully. She had told the church everything that she had been through and everything that Saint Catherine, Saint Margret, and Saint Michael had told her. The church didn’t believe anything that Joan said and believe it was all blasphemy and the voices that she heard of were from the devil. They told her in order to escape the penalty of death she must recant everything that she said and say it was all a lie. Cauchon one of the judgers of the trial, threated Joan by burning her arm with fire, to give a feel at what burning on the stake was like.Out of fear Joan recanted everything she had said. Being alone in her prison cell she asked God for his forgiveness, and to take her sins away. She rebuked all of her pride, which she fell on at the battle to reclaim Paris. In the process of being in prison the guards had her their way with her, she was raped, beaten, and treated horribly. She again said she un recanted a nd she took back what she said. On May 30 Joan was taken to the Market of the towns center and she was burned at the steak. Many of Joan’s army men were there hidden in disguise.Sir Robert Bradricourt wept along with other men at the sight of the one they fought along side with , and believed in was dying in front of them. Witness at the scene said her heart never burned. A statue of Joan was place in Paris forever in memory of her. With Joan’s life being so short, she accomplished the mission that was appointed to her. She created an impact on both England, and France. Joan proved that with God all things are possible, even for a girl at sixteen. Joan’s actions will forever be in History, along with all of the other great women, and men of the world.

Being Young in Hackney

The best thing about being young in Hackney is that there are so many different places to go to and explore in the borough, such as libraries, parks, museums, cinemas, farms and more. These places give people somewhere to go during their free time or on the weekends when they're not busy, that are close to their homes. The Hackney Library, located in the heart of Hackney, provides a place for young people to have access to computers and internet, read quietly or just to hang out with their friends. There is a large selection of books to read, from children's colourful picture books to adult drama novels. The library is divided into a children's section and an adult section. The adult section is much quieter than the children's section, everyone concentrates on their own book. There's a news stand with all the current stories to keep us up to date with what's been going on around the world. There is also an entertainment section where you can rent films and CDs. The children's section is much louder. There are several computers so children can play games, finish homework or just to instant message their friends online. Quite a lot of people go to the library after school. Hackney is one of the greenest boroughs in London. There are many parks in the borough including London Fields, Springfield Park and Victoria Park. People go to parks for jogs, walking their dogs, picnics or just to get some fresh air. Parks are places where young people go to hang out with their friends and play on the swings and slides. Parks are also a great places to meet new people and socialize with them. Sometimes there may be events at the parks. There are many organisms inhabiting the green areas, for example birds, squirrels, and insects. The trees in the parks give out oxygen. There is also Hackney Empire, located in Mare street. People go to the theatre for entertainment, they enjoy watching all the performances. Hackney City Farm is a local farm in Shoreditch. The farm brings the countryside to the inner-city community. Entry to the farm is free. There is a whole range of farm animals pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, rabbits, guinea pigs and other animals. Animal produce is sold including milk, eggs and yarn. The farm brings country life to urban people. There is also a large garden where you can help plant and grow things.The farm is a good place for families and schools to visit. The cinema is a place for watching films on a big scrren. Young people and families enjoy going to the cinema. During the weekends young people go with their friends to watch a film, it is a place for them to go when they have free time. People want loud music and laughter for entertainment. Some people prefer to stay at home and watch television instead. There is only one cinema in Hackney, Rio in Dalston. Markets in Hackney are usually crowded and exciting. Popular markets in the borough include Broadway Market and Dalston Market. Markets sell almost everything, from cheese to clothes!

Aeneas and Beowulf

Aeneas was the son of Anchises out of Venus (Hamilton 208), prince of Troy, a vagabond exile who became consort to a Queen and father of Rome. No other hero of antiquity had the piety so treasured by the Roman people. For his part, Beowulf was the son of Ecgbeow, exiled for his father's crimes, Grendel's bane, Dragon Slayer, and King of Geats. His deeds of valour are sung by Saxons and Norsemen alike. Separated by a great span of time and distance, Aeneas and Beowulf shared similarities in that both were all but fearless and are eternally remembered for their pious valor and the mighty deeds they wrought. Aeneas of the â€Å"Iliad† was a Trojan prince. Valiant in his own right, though not as forthcoming in arms as his kinsman Hector, he labored mightily to protect his native Troy from the wrath of the Greeks (Camps 23). In the end, he failed and the realm fell to its enemies. He alone of the Trojan lords survived the rape of Troy and leads the survivors into exile. Thus does Homer conclude his tale of Aeneas, Aphrodite’s son. In his quest to forge the founding epic of Rome, wise Virgil conceived the â€Å"Aeneid†, the saga of an exile who would become the true founder of Rome (Hamilton 220). Continuing where Homer left off, Virgil had Aeneas take the remnant of his people away from the land of their sorrows. He bore with him the statues of the household gods of Troy. a pious symbolism of taking all that remained of Troy with him (Aeneid Book I).   Daring the perils of the Mediterranean, he sailed about in a Greek lake. Every land he passed posed peril from Greeks, if not Cyclops, Harpies or other fell beasts. Yet for all his perils Aeneas held his course, he quailed not and only the charms of Queen Dido could stay the Trojans for long. Beowulf, on the other hand, had no divine parentage. The true author of this saga cannot now be known. Tradition (Wikipedia) places the author as an Anglo-Saxon from the 7th century A.D. Unlike Aeneas, whose deeds were spun by the fruitful mind of Virgil, Beowulf may very well have been an actual King Geats sometime in the 5th century A.D. However, his heroic deeds have placed him high in the pantheon of Anglo-Saxon heroes. Beowulf’s father Ecgbeow murdered Heaà °olaf, a Wulfing noble. Unable to pay the were gild to compensate for killing Heaà °olaf, Ecgbeow went into exile among the Danes. The Danish King Hroà °gar paid the wereguild in his behalf and asked him to swear an oath. Ecgbeow then entered the service of the Geatish king Hreà °el and marries his daughter. Their issue is Beowulf.   Save for the banishment of his father, Beowulf origins were uneventful, a sharp contrast with the tale of Aeneas. But soon enough, Beowulf was called to arms. Hroà °gar and his court in Zealand are besieged by a demon named Grendel (Heaney 15). In payment for his father’s debt, Beowulf traveled from Geatland, essaying to slay Grendel if he might despite the knowledge that the no mortal weapons could harm the Grendel. So began the first of his three great battles. Grendel bore the mark of Cain and was feared by all save Beowulf only. In a mighty duel, Beowulf wrestled with Grendel and mastered him, tearing off his arm and sending Grendel scrambling home to die (Heaney 37). Beowulf then reaped great honor from King Hroà °gar but earned ire of a new enemy; Grendel’s mother. The second great battle of Beowulf was with no less than Grendel’s mother who also bore the dread mark of Cain (Heaney 88). Seeking vengeance for her dead son, she entered Hroà °gar’s hall and slew Æschere, his most trusted warrior. As an aside, under the Germanic law of that day, death must be avenged with death or payment called a were gild. Thus Grendel’s mother conceived that she was merely upholding the law of vengeance (Heaney 101). But since Hroà °gar saw himself wronged once again, he essayed to slay Grendel’s mother. Again Beowulf played the heroes’ part. He dove right into the swamp and slew her with a sword that only he could wield. For the second time, he earns great honor for his deed. Here a Christian theme is played out. Thought to be dead, Beowulf returns to his fellows at ‘non’ that is, the 9th hour of day or 3:00 P.M., the same hour that Christ is said to have died (Tolkien 265). Beowulf mastered the Cursed Spawn of Cain, the first murderer. They were demons that no lesser man could slay. Aeneas for his part was Cursed by Juno queen of the gods. But for Aeneas a lesser foe would be unworthy. Motivated by Paris’ rejection, Juno’s wrath for Troy (Hamilton 233) extended to Aeneas. Juno’s hate is worsened by her foreknowledge that from the loins of Aeneas would come forth the race of high men who would lay low her own favored city of Carthage (Aeneid Book I). She causes a great storm to be cast upon the exiles’ fleet in a vain effort to annihilate them. The storm is so terrible that Aeneas’ fleet is driven off course and they end up on the shores of Carthage. Dido, queen of Carthage, would find shipwrecked Aeneas and offer him Kingship of Carthage if only he would stay and love her (Hamilton 235). It is at this point that Aeneas’ piety is stirred anew for Mercury is sent to upbraid him. Shamed for straying from his destiny, Aeneas secretly leaves Carthage with all his folk, thus rekindling hope for the destiny of Rome but also earning the eternal ire of Dido’s heirs. Aeneas held funeral games in honor of his dead father and shows his piety to his ancestor. (Hamilton 237). With Sibyl, he descended to the depths of Hades to hold converse with those who would become mighty among the Romans (Hamilton 240). His wavering faith is strengthened and ere long Aeneas leads his followers to the shores of Latinium. At last their wanderings are over, they can now rebuild their homes or so they hoped. Beowulf too proves to be a pious man of high doom. His king Hygelac died in a raid.   As the son of a Geatish princess Beowulf was offered the throne. He humbly declined in favor of prince Heardred his kinsman. Headred later harbored the Swedish princes Eadgil and Eanmund who fled Onela the usurper. Eager to put an end to his foes, Onela invades Geatland and killed Headred. Beowulf was proclaimed King in his place and under the custom of were gild swore revenge against Onela (Heaney 165). The primary Beowulf text speaks little of this but Swedish sources speak of a counter invasion by Beowulf and Eadgil to restore Eadgil to the throne and avenge Headred (Olson). A hero is best remembered for his greatest achievements, For a Roman hero it is his prowess for war. Juno stirred all of Latinium to war against Aeneas but this time he could resist her devices because the Trojans had become mighty in war (Camp 47). Outnumbered in a hostile land, Aeneas and the Trojans fought with desperate valor though they saw little hope. Aeneas left camp to seek aid among his other neighbors first among his new allies is the boy Pallas. (Aeneid Book IX). Ere his gates were mastered, Aeneas returns with the valiant Etruscans. Many deeds worthy of song were forged in that war. Not the least was Aeneas’ pursuit of an Italian craven who allowed his son to die while he fled. When the war reached an impasse, single combat was proposed between the captains (Aeneid Book XII). On the one hand was Aeneas, prince of Troy, and on the other Turnus, King of the Rutuli. Both coveted Lavinia, heiress of Latinium. Turnus was valiant in his own right but his foe was no mere mortal. In that duel Turnus fought valiantly but with no hope. Virgil portrays Aeneas as a demigod who quickly mastered Turnus. The latter’s pleas for mercy fell on deaf ears when Aeneas saw that Turnus was wearing the armor of Pallas(Hamilton 245). A ‘true’ Roman, Aeneas accordingly slew his fallen foe in vengeance for fallen Pallas (Camps 35). Memorable too was the final battle of Beowulf king of the Geats for 50 years. In his last days, his realm is plagued by a dragon. Despite his old age he tried to slay the Dragon in open battle but failed. Instead, he enters the Dragon’s lair accompanied only by Wiglaf his Swedish relative (Heaney 175). They succeeded in killing the Dragon but Beowulf was mortally wounded (Chance 53). According to Swedish scholar Birger Nerman, Beowulf lies in Skalunda Hà ¶g in West Geatland. In the time of Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxons and the other Germanic peoples were not yet Christianized. However, the saga tells of Germanic moral codes such as â€Å"were gild† and revenge for the slain overlaid with references to Christian Faith (Chance 47). For example, the mark of Cain, the hour of Non and Beowulf’s prayers to a â€Å"Father Almighty†, to name a few. So much so that Allen Cabaniss (101) proposed that the Beowulf was written precisely to parallel the Bible and present a Christian hero to the Anglo-Saxons. By comparison, Aeneas was valiant and honorable, as most heroes are. He had a destiny to fulfill and a people to lead to safety. Son of a goddess, his chief foe was no less than the Queen of the gods (Camps 106). Though the saga was written by a Pagan hand, Aeneas shows â€Å"Christian† virtue as the Romans of Virgil’s time defined it. He was â€Å"pious† to friends and family, to his gods and most of all to his destiny (Camps 93). Many a time he was tempted to remain in comfort and ease in another land. Yet he ultimately resisted and would remain faithful continuing on his path to found Rome. To conclude, Aeneas and Beowulf are valiant and brave as is fitting of true heroes. But to set them apart from the likes of Achilles, they are men who act not out of vanity and pride. Instead, they act out of service and a â€Å"pious† desire to fulfill what they believe is good. Works Cited Wilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain. New York: Pantheon, 1998. Cabaniss, A. â€Å"Liturgy and Literature†.   University of Alabama Press, 1970. Camps W.A.   Introduction to Virgils Aeneid.   Oxford University Press 1969. Chambers R.W. Beowulf: An Introduction to the Study of the Poem, 3rd edn Cambridge Press 1959. Chance, Jane. Tolkien’s Art a Mythology for England, University Press of Kentucky, 2001. Fulk R.D. Interpretations of Beowulf: A Critical Anthology, Midland Book 1991. Hamilton Edith: Mythology a timeless tale of gods and heroes, Warner books 1999. Heaney Seamus, Beowulf: A New Verse Translation (Bilingual Edition) Norton Press 2000. Tolkien, J.R.R. ‘Beowulf: the monsters and the critics', Proceedings of the British Academy, 22 1936. The Project Gutenberg Etext of Vergil's Aeneid in English available at http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext95/anide10.txt (last accessed 14 Nov 07) Olson, Oscar Ludvig, The Relation of the Hrolfs Saga Kraka and the Bjarkarimur to Beowulf A Contribution To The History Of Saga Development In England And The Scandinavian Countries available at http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/14878 (last accessed 21 Nov 2007) Beowulf   available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf#_note-valibrary (last accessed 14 Nov 2007)

Dumplings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dumplings - Essay Example The Three scenes are significant from a directional view point. Some of the ceramic doll is a bodhisattva; it appears as if the director is trying to tell us it’s an immoral evil thing that she is eating in the form of the dumplings. When Mrs Li starts eating a close up of dumpling is shown. The frames and colors in the background are very beautiful, dumplings glow with saturated colors. Semi transparent outer skin and filling which is pinkish in hue. The overall scene gives an insight that some people who will do anything to prolong their youth and beauty. The amazing angles and close-ups surrounded by beautiful cinematography are conflict with the facts that she is eating the dumpling which made by baby. The real nasty part here is the sounds. The crunching and slurping noises that accompany Mrs. Li eating her dumplings are heart wrenching. When Aunt Mei is singing for Mrs. Li, the camera luxuriously floats over her face showing a young looking Mrs.

Critique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique - Research Paper Example The book is a natural follow up for the regular readers of Stephen Covey who have already been introduced to his unique life philosophies and ideas on effectiveness and ambition. Covey is famous for his book ‘Seven habits of highly effective people’, which is considered to be the one of the most influential books on personal development and strengthening of the 1990s. Stephen Covey, an MBA from Harvard started his professional life as a college professor at Brigham Young University and during his tenure cultivated, organized and codified his thoughts and philosophies on the ways to achieve the best out of life. These were taught through seminars and conferences and eventually Stephen Covey became the co-founder of the Franklin-covey organization which works towards finding practical solutions to the problems faced by businesses and organization through the application of Covey’s ‘principle-centered’ approach to management and leadership. Touted as one of Times magazine’s 25 most influential Americans, Covey has conveyed his principled life message through his many books and annual seminars; that success in life is achi evable if we adopt central principles of ethics, empathy and resource management in both our personal and professional lives. The books provide a framework for cultivating the frame of mind to allow the adoption of these principles and they have resonated greatly with people in all ages and occupations. Covey’s seven habits have found almost a cult like following in fields as diverse as academia, Church groups and the corporate culture. Subsequently all his follow up books seem to have been directly or indirectly written to support and provide further instructions for his original readers. Titles such as Such as seven habits of highly effective families and living the seven habits provided further insight into the philosophies while the Third alternative is a more thorough

Leadership Research and Commentary Annotated Bibliography

Leadership Research and Commentary - Annotated Bibliography Example The authors have provided an insightful information regarding various ways in which leaders can develop agility which may help them in adapting to the dynamic and ever-changing external environment. The discussions provide a strong incentive to the readers to achieve higher levels of efficiency as leaders through the five levels of mastery. This book includes a revolutionary concept with regard to leadership theory and practice. The author has discussed the U theory proposed by Scharmer and Senge, et al., in extensive detail. The various discussions and theories included in the book offer a wide perspective to the readers as well as organizational leaders regarding the manner in which they can develop critical skills to foresee and judge the requirements of the industry and customer’s tastes and preferences. The author has included in-depth interviews of over 150 leaders from across the globe which includes prominent entrepreneurs, educators, economists, cognitive scientists as well as other leaders from diverse fields who have displayed high levels of achievement and performance in their respective areas of expertise. The inclusion of such diverse perspectives helped in approaching the issue of leadership in a manner that allows for a holistic understanding of the concept. In this article, the author has addressed the changing role of management and hence leaders. In such a highly dynamic environment leading an organization towards success is a highly tedious task. It has been observed that at times the CEOs of companies may feel reluctant to actively participate in debates and issues critical to the organizations. In order to help them to confidently confront critical issues and prevent their organizations from any damage.

Contemporary International Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contemporary International Art - Essay Example 13). People have to reassess and recreate their roles in protecting nature. This is the most challenging mission for artists today. Stankiewicz and Krug (1997) explained that â€Å"some ecological artists attempt to alert viewers to environmental issues through shock, humour, or educational documentation. Others seek to educate the public to the systemic character of bioregions through ritual, performance, and process drama† (p. 4). Some environmental artists, like Andy Goldsworthy and Nils-Udo, try to raise environmental awareness by taking part and encouraging community involvement in ecological art projects. This essay discusses the eco-friendly art projects of two contemporary artists, the Three Cairns by Andy Goldsworthy and the Clemson Clay Nest by Nils-Udo. Andy Goldsworthy: A Representation of Ecological Eccentricity Andy Goldsworthy only uses materials available in nature. Using leaves, stones, and other natural materials, he creates masterpieces which encourage his a udiences to view nature with stronger passion and interest. His masterpieces do not exactly or literally mimic the natural environment (Malpas 2010, p. 13). For instance, a leaf art does not really look like a leaf, but look more like a nest or other objects. The creations of Goldsworthy are natural subjects without trying to be natural. In contrast, his art is very non-natural that orients the audiences to the natural. Goldsworthy decided to abandon city life and live close to nature. Artists struggle to provide a physical depiction of their intangible ideas. Goldsworthy’s art conceals its layers and convinces the audience to ignore its pretences (Donovan et al. 2010, p. 22). His art has encouraged a dialogue among individuals who had been uninvolved in the past, broadening the horizon of the arts. Goldsworthy depicts sympathy, beauty, and perfection through his art works that explain how individuals should understand the huge role of nature in their lives. His project Three Cairns is inspired by his plan to bring about a complex artistic project that runs along the entire American nation by linking the West and East coasts. This project transcends the limitations of the abstract. This clearly architectural work spans an entire continent (Malpas 2010, p. 74). Cairns, or headstones, are a figurative stone work which could have ritualistic or collective meaning. Goldsworthy is realizing his idea in stages by building exceptional, sturdy enormous monuments at the three involved places, namely, San Diego, California, Des Moines, Iowa, and Purchase, New York (Binkly 2012, pp. 8-9). The Midwest, particularly its connection to the East and West coasts, mesmerized Goldsworthy. At every place, Midwest, East coast, and West Coast, he constructed an Iowa cairn that characterised a particular site of importance. He constructed the East Coast Cairn near New York’s Neuberger Museum of Art (Binkly 2012, pp. 8-9). Lubowsky explained the allegorical significance of Goldsworthy’s project: â€Å"Life, death, and regeneration, the underlying principles of Goldsworthy’s art, took on a profound and unexpected new meaning with the unimaginable events of September 11, 2001; for Andy the meaning was personal as well, for his father had recently died† (Binkly 2012, p. 9). On the other hand, the West Coast Cairn was built near California’s San Diego Museum of Contemporary Art. The origin of the Iowan limestone was quite distant that it preserves remnants

Use of Lexical Choices and How They Would Affect the Discursive Power Essay

Use of Lexical Choices and How They Would Affect the Discursive Power of Media - Essay Example People seek to reach their aims and goals by using power. In defining power attention must be paid to the fact that it is not something you can simply possess. It is rather a relationship between people. Power is always related to situations. Using power means having the power to persuade and impress through verbal communication. Pekonen (1991, 46) states that modern politics can be explained as a symbolic power struggle: the winner is a party whose language, words, terms and symbolic expressions are dominant once reality and the context have been defined. (Chilton, P. & Ilyin M. p 4) Presidential speeches are very important to society. According to Denton and Hahn (1986), the presidency is a rhetorical institution. Through speeches, a president leads his country and seeks to persuade the nation and society. Presidential power is the power to persuade. The rhetorical style of a presidential speech can directly affect the political speaker's aims and success. Han (1998) believes that the significance of presidential rhetorical skills has increased over the last 50 years and in part because of the media. This conceals some problems: when the style is emphasized, content may have only a secondary role. The images may be stronger than the message, and credibility may be more important than information. In this study, attention is paid to the (d) Meanings Aristoteles le of presidential power and per-suasion especially from the rhetorical point of view. (Aristoteles) Kress (1990) has introduced theoretical criteria characterizing work in the CDA paradigm which distinguishes it from other politically engaged discourse analysis work. (a) Language is first and foremost a type of social practice. (b) Texts are the result of the actions of socially situated speakers and writers. (c) The relations of the participants in the production of texts are generally unequal. (d) Meanings are the result of the (inter)action of readers and hearers with texts and with the speaker/writers of texts. They are always subject to more or less closely enforced normative rules, and to the relations of power obtaining in this interaction. (e) Linguistic features at any level are the result of social processes. Linguistic features are never arbitrary conjuncts of form and meaning. (f) Linguistic features in their occurrence in texts are always characterized by opacity. (g) Users of language have a particular stance towards the set of codes which make up a language. (h) A system of language is highly problematic in CDA. (i) History has to be taken into account. (j) CDA must be based on rather precise analyses and descriptions of the materiality of language on a close linguistic description. (Kress, p 84) CDA begins from the assumption that systematic asymmetries of power and resources between participants - speakers and listeners, readers and writers - can be linked to their unequal access to linguistic and social resources. The important unit of analysis is the text. Texts are taken to be social uses of spoken and written language. Critical discourse analysis focuses on a genre as well as on sentences and word-level analysis. The study of subject positions may clarify traditional values, ideologies and representations. When analyzing the cultural assumptions expressed in a text, one way to do it is to study the lexical choices or grammatical representations of agency and action.     

Geomorphology Lab 3 Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geomorphology 3 - Lab Report Example Further, a model for predicting age can be succinctly tested based on weathering degree. The class split into three groups and recorded the varying degrees of weathering for different tombstones at the Murray Cemetry. The characteristics of the 20 tombstones were recorded by each group. The characteristics recorded for each tombstone include height, width, length, name, thickness at bottom and thickness at top, texture, lithology, tilt and visual weathering class. The data obtained were entered into an excel spreadsheet as shown in the result section. As shown in the above the graph, with the help of a best fit line, there is a general trend observed between weathering class and age. A positive gradient indicates that there is a positive relationship between the two and as the age increases so does the weathering class of tombstone increases. As shown in the graph, there is a general trend between weathering class and height of the tombstone. The equation gives a positive gradient, showing that as the height increases there is a positive effect on the weathering class. The weathering class increases with increase in height. A line of best fit, as shown in the graph, indicates that there is a considerable relationship between weathering class and length. The graph shows that an increase observed in length leads to an increase in weathering class. The positive gradient shows that there is a positive relationship between the two. The results obtained were able to support the initially listed hypotheses. For age, there was observed consistency in its relationship with weathering class as shown in the graph. Hence, from the methodology used, the hypothesis â€Å"The degree of tombstone weathering is related to tombstone age† is sufficiently supported because there was observed consistency with a positive gradient. The results supported hypothesis two which stated that â€Å"The degree of tombstone weathering relies on the height of the tombstone† given

Hedging Strategies Adopted by Airlines Organizations for Hedging their Dissertation

Hedging Strategies Adopted by Airlines Organizations for Hedging their Foreign - Dissertation Example Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Risk Management 2.3 Hedging - Concept and Meaning 2.4 Brief Historical overview of Hedging 2.5 Impact of Globalization on Hedging 2.6 Type of Hedging Instruments 2.7 Hedging Strategies 2.7.1 Internal hedging strategies 2.7.2 External hedging strategies 2.8 Factors affecting Type of Hedging Strategies 2.9 Benefits of Hedging 2.10 Disadvantages of Hedging 2.11 Some of the major risks facing the global airline industry 2.12 Conclusions Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research Approach 3.3 Research Sample 3.4 Data Collection Methods 3.5 Methods of Data Analysis 3.6 Research Validity and Reliability 3.7 Research Ethics 3.7 Conclusions Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis 4.1 Introduction 4.2 British Airlines (BA) 4.2.1 Financial Performance, BA 4.2.2 Hedging Strategies used by BA 4.2.4 Challenges faced by British airways 4.2.4 Financial Heath and Hedging Strategies 4.2.5 Financial management recommendations 4.3 Thomas Cook Airlines 4 .3.2 Financial Performance of Thomas Cook 4.3.2 Hedging Strategies Thomas Cook 4.2.3 Challenges faced by British airways 4.2.4 Financial Heath and Hedging Strategies 4.3.5 Financial management recommendations 4.4 Easy Jet 4.4.1 Financial Performance, Easy Jet 4.3.2 Hedging Strategies Thomas Cook 4.3.3 Challenges faced Easy Jet 4.3.4 Financial Heath and Hedging Strategies 4.3.5 Financial management recommendations Chapter 5: Recommendations and Conclusions 5.1 Summary of Findings 5.2 Recommendations 5.3 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research Hedging Strategies Adopted by Airlines Organizations for Hedging their Foreign Currency Risks Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research overview and Background Due to the advent of globalization and the changes in the business environment, it is... From this research it is clear that due to the advent of globalization and the changes in the business environment, it is now possible for organizations to conduct business from and to anywhere across the globe. The business environment facilitates business operations that can be conducted through foreign currency denominated transactions. As organizations expand their businesses globally, they accumulate foreign currency receivables and payables in their financial statements. The large inclusion of foreign denomination transactions makes the organizations vulnerable to foreign currency fluctuations. Any negative changes in the exchange rate can end up impacting the company seriously. Organizations therefore strive to find ways of avoiding or combating risks associated with the foreign currency fluctuations. Some of the popular strategies of hedging such risks that organizations adopt are through using financial derivative products - currency futures, foreign currency options, curren cy swaps and forward contract. Moreover, with the breakthrough in the Information and communication technology that has made it possible the development of sophisticated financial management tools and techniques, organizations today have a much larger variety of hedging instruments and strategies to work with. There are several theories and theoretical perspectives that explain the rationale for using hedging practices and the effectiveness of the same.

Math essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Math - Essay Example The first example is from Physics. Suppose that we are given three objects, one with a known mass of 2 kg, and are asked to find the unknown masses. Suppose further that experimentation with a meter stick produces these two balances. Since the sum of moments on the left of each balance equals the sum of moments on the right (the moment of an object is its mass times its distance from the balance point), the two balances give this system of two equations (Hefferon). The second example of a linear system is from Chemistry. We can mix, under controlled conditions, toluene C7H8 and nitric acid HNO3 to produce trinitrotoluene C7H5O6N3 along with the byproduct water (conditions have to be controlled very well, indeed-trinitrotoluene is better known as TNT). In what proportion should those components be mixed Our next example is about solving a riddle. There are two groups of people X and Y having certain number of persons in each group. If a person from X leaves to join Y then Y becomes double of X. If a person leaves Y to join X then they both become equal to each other. How many persons are there in each group The objective is to determine if such system of linear equations has a solution or not. That is to find out if there exist values of x1 to xn which when fed into these equation will simultaneously satisfy all the equations. If true then the system is said to be consistent or else it is inconsistent (Matthews). MATRICES The above system of equations can also be briefly written as, The matrix is called the coefficient matrix of the system of equations as it only has the coefficients of variables listed in it. If this matrix were also to include the constants involved in the equations then it would be called an augmented matrix of the system and would be written as, Three elementary row operations can be performed on matrices which do not affect the solution of linear equations. 1. Interchanging two rows 2. Multiplying a row by a non-zero number 3. Adding a multiple of one row to another We will try to solve the following equations with the help of a matrix and then applying any or all of the appropriate elementary row o

Child Obesity Essay Example for Free

Child Obesity Essay America has it’s share of problems just like any other country throughout the world, but there is one issue in particular that has been a growing trend for years in America. Today’s topic of issue is child obesity, this is a huge problem in America and it seems to continue to grow in numbers. Child obesity is the highlight of my research, but due to lack of time there will only be an explanation of just one of the many issues with child obesity in America. So the question that the researcher has decided to research is: How does child obesity occur in America? After doing a lot of research, the author figured out that there are so many reasons that cause child obesity. Being obese has many risks associated with it like: diabetes, high blood pressure, trouble breathing, trouble with sleep and increased chance of heart disease. These risks stress the importance of preventing or managing child obesity. As we all know child obesity is very serious problem in America but like most problems there are ways that could either prevent child obesity or managed the child’s weight if they are already overweight. The author of this research topic decided to do a descriptive research to gather information for his topic. He basically collected data that was useful to answer the question for this topic from various reliable websites/sources. There are different issues that causes child obesity or obesity in general, like: some parents spoil their child and feed them anything the child wants with no limitations, some parents do not watch what their children eat, also parents just let their kids sit around and play videos games instead of making them go out to run around and play and some children cannot help it because obesity runs in their family. However, the author wanted to focus the attention of his audience on the question: How does child obesity in America occur and how can it be prevented or managed? Now according to American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, â€Å"the causes of obesity are complex and include genetic, biological, behavioral and cultural factors† (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010). The Mayo Clinic considered child obesity â€Å"particularly troubling because the extra pounds often start children on the path to health problems that were once confined to adults, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol† (The Mayo Clinic, 1998-2011). The author believes those extra pounds come from the person eating more calories than their body actually burns. Obesity in childhood can be caused by things like: â€Å"poor eating habits, overeating, lack of exercise, family history of obesity, stressful life experiences, low self esteem or depression† (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010). But those are only a few of the ways that could cause child obesity leading up to their adulthood. Just because a child is carrying a few extra pounds does not mean he/she is overweight or obese, some people have larger body frames than others† (The Mayo Clinic, 1998-2011). Not all children even adults are obese by the looks of their outer appearance; it could very well because they larger than normal body frames or as a lot people like to call it â€Å"big-boned†. If a parent is worried about whether their child is overweight or not, they could always visit their doctor who will measure their child’s body mass index (BMI) and compare the stats to other children of the same sex and age range. The Mayo Clinic says â€Å"Although there are some genetic and hormonal causes of childhood obesity, most of the time its caused by kids eating too much and exercising too little† (The Mayo Clinic, 1998-2011). According to American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry obesity in childhood can be caused by things like: â€Å"poor eating habits, overeating, lack of exercise, family history of obesity, stressful life experiences, low self esteem or depression† (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010). If parents would take more control of what and how much their children eat, that would alleviate some of the causes of their becoming overweight. Being aware of what their children eat is important for their child’s health because one of the main causes for child obesity, parents not being aware. The author obviously is not saying to starve or deny the children food, but do not feed the child too much to the point where it is effecting the child’s weight and overall health. Parents that do such things are harming their kids and either they are in denial about it or they do not realize it. lso parents should not let their children become â€Å"couch potatoes† laying in front of the television playing video games all day, they should have them go outside to play and run around, it helps with their child’s overall health, but even that has limitation due to safety issues that has developed over the years. The author also suggested the parents should keep thei r children active by signing them up for recreational sports such as basketball, baseball, and soccer or flag football. Obesity could also be part of that child’s family history, that is something the child cannot help but they can manage their weight so it become out of hand and become heavier than they have to be. Also they should not use their family history as an excuse to eat unhealthy or overeat. Even though they may be overweight due to family history, they could still manage their weight. People can help the issue of over feeding their child versus a child that cannot help their weight because of it running in their family. The author suggests the parents should be more specific on how much they will give their child to eat at certain time of the day, basically having a set schedule for breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner. His reason for suggesting this is because a person who actually has control over their weight can control what they eat and when they eat and since we are speaking on child obesity, it is the parent’s responsibility to control that. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says â€Å"Obese youth are more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure. In a population-based sample of 5- to 17-year-olds, 70% of obese youth had at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Children and adolescents who are obese are at greater risk for bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, and social and psychological problems such as stigmatization and poor self-esteem† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,2011). Having stressful life experiences could also lead to low self esteem which can in turn lead to a person not caring too much about themselves and begin to harm themselves by â€Å"stuffing† themselves with food. We see these type of issues in schools, where children tease others about things in general which lower that child’s self-esteem, that in turn would lead to that child wanting to that child doing many things including eating entirely too much. But besides school there are other instances where people get their confidence lowered by general life experiences, again this happens everyday where the child or people in general would just hide themselves in their houses from the world because they feel no confidence with themselves. They should seek advice from reliable people they can trust and keep themselves around positive people who would give them encouragement to get past their condition and not let it hinder them from doing anything they want. To conclude, I would like to piggyback on a few things. First, child obesity or obesity in general can be managed even if the individual does not have a family history, which should not be an excuse to eat more than a person is supposed to. Today’s main question was: How does child obesity in America occur? Again, according to American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, â€Å"the causes of obesity are complex and include genetic, biological, behavioral and cultural factors† (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010). Child obesity is can be caused by a number of things, but the author/researcher only used a few of the causes like: â€Å"poor eating habits, overeating, lack of exercise, family history of obesity, stressful life experiences, low self esteem or depression† (American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 2010). Poor eating habits, overeating and stressful life experiences to a certain extent can be managed in order to either prevent or manage a child’s weight gain and overall health. Also â€Å"Children and adolescents who are obese are at greater risk for bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, and social and psychological problems such as stigmatization and poor self-esteem† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). â€Å"Although there are some genetic and hormonal causes of childhood obesity, most of the time its caused by kids eating too much and exercising too little† (The Mayo Clinic, 1998-2011). A lot of this happens because of the children’s parents letting them overeat and not having them exercise and staying active as much as they should. If those parents would just control what their children eat and how much they eat, that part of the cause of obesity can be practically eliminated. Lack of exercise can also be managed, parents should not let their child be a â€Å"couch potato† but have their child go out doors to play and run around with friends because that could help with their child burning off calories that they may have added from eating, it also helps with their overall health.

Meaning of Jane Eyre as a Whole

Meaning of Jane Eyre as a Whole The whole of the work is a critique of Victorian Englands social hierarchy and inequality for women. Jane struggles against social class and gender inequality, both of which she considers great injustices. Free Response Question (Year and Paraphrase of Question) 1997. Novels and plays often include scenes of weddings, funerals, parties, and other social occasions. Such scenes may reveal the values of the characters and the society in which they live. Select a novel or play that includes such a scene and, in a focused essay, discuss the contribution the scene makes to the meaning of the work as a whole. You may choose a work from the list below or another novel or play of literary merit. Opening Sentence for (your) Essay (Be prepared to write an essay on this novel at any given time during the quarter!) In the novel, Jane Eyre, a certain scene depicts Victorian Englands social class hierarchy. This scene is of when Mr. Rochester brings a party of distinguished gentry and ladies to his home and they all converse and relax in his parlor. In the scene, they indulge in their own splendor and think nothing of those who are considered to be in a lower social class than they. Their treatment of Jane, whom they consider beneath them, reveals just how little the higher classes of the time regarded those of lower classes. This value of social class in the society where they life greatly adds to the meaning of the work as a whole. Key Plot Incidents Jane Eyre is an orphan living with her terrible aunt, Mrs. Reed. In that home she is treated cruelly and disliked by all but Bessie, a servant in the home. One day, Jane is hit by John Reed, and she loses it and attacks him. As punishment for starting the fight she is sent to the red room where she has a vision of her dead uncles ghost she screams and faints. She wakes up in the care of Bessie and Mr. Lloyd, who makes the suggestion of Jane attending school. Mrs. Reed does so after Jane goes on a spiteful tirade against her. At Lowood School, Jane finds a miserable situation. The school is in horrible condition with inadequate means for survival and stern rules installed by the hypocritical headmaster, Mr. Brocklehurst. Jane has a dear friend there, Helen Burns. This angelic friend dies of consumption when an epidemic of typhus sweeps Lowood. So many girls die, it attracts the attention of the public who discover the horrible living conditions. Brocklehurst is replaced by better men. Jane stays for six more years as a student and then two as a teacher. She soon desires new experience after her time there and after her idol, Miss Temple, marries and leaves. Jane puts out an advertisement and is soon employed as a governess at Thornfield Hall. She teaches an illegitimate little French girl named Adele and meets the housekeeper, Mrs. Fairfax, both of who she befriends. The gentleman at Thornfield is Mr. Rochester, a dark and moody man. He and Jane have deep conversations often and confine in each other. Jane sees his flaws but falls in love with Mr. Rochester. One night she saves his life from a fire which creates a mystery for Jane concerning Grace Poole, a servant. Jane concludes that she is unaware of all the facts. One day, Mr. Rochester brings home a party of gentry and fine ladies. They stay for a couple of weeks. Jane is in silent despair as she sees Mr. Rochester fancy a beautiful but vicious woman, Blanche Ingram, and expects them to me married soon. Jane begins to make arrangements to leave Thornfield but then Rochester confesses love for Jane and proposes to her. She joyfully accepts. Their wedding day is ruined by the announcement that Rochester is already married. Mr. Mason, when attaining knowledge of Mr. Rochesters intentions concerning Jane, made it known that Mr. Rochester is married to Bertha, Mr. Masons sister, who is insane and who Mr. Rochester has kept hidden in the third story of his house. Jane, a strong defender of morality, cannot stay with Mr. Rochester, who is a great temptation. In the night she flees from Thornfield. She has nothing and is reduced to begging and is received by no one. Finally, when she is on the verge of death, she is taken in by three siblings, Mary, Diana, and St. John Rivers, at their manner, Marsh End. She becomes very close to them, especially the sisters. St. John finds employment for Jane as the teacher in a school for poor girls. One night, St. John comes and tells Jane, after discovering her identity, that she has inherited a large fortune of 20,000 pounds from her uncle, John Eyre. She also learns that she and the Rivers are cousins and is thrilled. She splits her fortune with her beloved relatives. As she lives with the Rivers she studies with Mary and Diana until St. John entices her to do so with him. She does and he soon asks her to accompany him to India as a missionary and his wife. She will not go as his wife because she does not love him. One night when he as almost convinced her to marry him, she hears Mr. Rochester cry out her name and she returns the call. The next morning, she sets out for Thornfield and her love. Upon arrival she discovers that Thornfield has been burned to the ground by Bertha, who jumped off the roof, killing herself. Mr. Rochester was stricken blind and crippled (he lost his hand) in the fire will trying to save all the servants and Bertha. He now lived with only two of his trusted servants in a dark place, Ferndean. Jane goes to him and they love as they did before. They are soon married and the story end with Janes short recount of the next ten happy years. Key Characters (Who and Why) Jane Eyre- Intelligent, moral, and opposes the injustice of oppression and inequality. She is plain but engaging and seeks fulfillment. She maintains high values throughout the whole book. She is a metaphorical challenge against Victorian treatment of women and those who are poverty stricken Edward Rochester- Master of Thornfield and wealthy employer of Jane Eyre. He is passionate, dark, and secretive. Jane falls in love with him and he loves Jane. Despite societal norms, he marries her. Before Jane, his life was reckless and lost. He was moody and miserable. St. John Rivers- Janes benefactor when she had nothing. Also her cousin and deliverer of good news. He is devoted to God. He wishes to be a missionary in India and asks Jane to accompany him as his wife. He is cold and ambitious. He is handsome. There are many other characters, with smaller roles, who come in and out of Janes life. Setting(s) Gateshead- Mrs. Reeds home. Jane grew up there for ten years. Lowood-the miserable school Jane attended and taught at. She gained her education and values there. Thornfield- The home where Jane was a governess. She finds a place there and falls in love. Mr. Rochesters home. Marsh End- the home of Mary, Dianna, and St. John Rivers. Becomes Janes home after she inherits her fortune. Significance of Opening Scene The significance of the opening scene is to establish Janes first thoughts of injustice and the beginning of the development of her high morals and her sense of right and wrong. Significance of Closing Scene Jane is rewarded for her living of high values and morality with the love of her life. Her reward is just. Style of Narration/Point of View The point of view is first person. It is from Jane herself. She narrates as though she is telling her life story from far in her future. Theme(s) Love vs. Autonomy- Jane longs to be loved, not only romantically, but by family. She wants to belong but not enough that she will lose her autonomy. Her fear of losing her connection to God motivates her to flee from temptation (Rochester). Religion- Jane is very religious. She struggles, throughout her story, to balance her desire to serve her God and with her desire to serve herself. Jane is very strong in her faith and has high principles as a result. She meets three religious figures. Mr. Brocklehurst represents hypocrisy and the danger of the Evangelical religious movement. Helen Burns represents passive hope and trust in God. St. John Rivers represents finding glory in God and self-importance. Jane does not accept any of these. Symbols(s) Bertha- Serves as a symbol of Rochesters unhappiness, and tribulation for Jane. Bertha is Janes trial. Bertha is also a symbolic critique of Englands locking away of other inferior cultures. Bertha represents Victorian wives who are kept under tight leash. The Red Room- symbolic of struggles Jane must overcome. Jane recalls the Red Room every time she is struggling. Janes desire to find more fulfillment in her life is symbolic of all feminine unrest. Tone A slap in the face of injustices. Deep-rooted misery and search for fulfillment.

Tourism Analysis Of Disneyland Resort Paris

Tourism Analysis Of Disneyland Resort Paris Disneyland Resort Paris (formerly known as Euro Disney) is the fourth of the Walt Disney theme parks, built to follow the success of Disneyland in California, Walt Disney World in Florida, and Tokyo Disneyland in Japan. It is located in central France, making it accessible by a two-hour plane flight to more than 300 million people. Disneyland Paris is a holiday and recreation resort in Marne-la-Vallà ©e, a new town in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. The complex is located 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the centre of Paris and lies for the most part on the territory of the commune of Chessy, Seine-et-Marne. After Tokyo Disneyland opened to great success in 1983, the executives of the Walt Disney Company began plans for a European extension. The company considered many possible locations, but soon chose Marne-la-Vallee, a French town, as the site. Disney CEO Michael Eisner signed the first contract with the French government in 1985, and construction on Euro Disney began in 1988. Th e information center Espace Euro Disney opened in 1990, keeping the public informed about the ongoing work. The park opened in April 1992, and although 500,000 visitors were expected, only 50,000 came. For the first three years, the park reported large financial losses. Attendance was poor, employees reported high dissatisfaction and the French press grew more appalled at the presence of an America-centric park in their country. In 1994, the park was renamed Disneyland Resort Paris in order to dissociate it from the negative press surrounding Euro Disney. In 1995, Space Mountain was added to the parks attractions, and the park turned its first-ever profit. The park is still dubiously profitable. Even with much of its debt written off, the company reports billion-dollar deficits: specifically, $2 billion in 2007. However, in 2008, the park was the most-visited attraction in Europe and reports more than 15 million visitors every year receiving more visitors than the Louvre and the Eif fel Tower combined (Christian Sylt, The Independent, 2008). Why was Euro Disney performing poorly during its first year of operation? Recommend and propose strategies and suggestions to improve the situation? Michael Eisner, CEO of the Walt Disney World Company, once said, Fantasy is very hard work. Eisner was referring to the intensive labor that goes on behind-the-scenes within the Disney Company to create the magic and fantasy which have become synonymous with the Disney brand. From the founders humble beginnings (Walter Elias Disney) creating animated cartoons in the 1920s, to the multi- facetted corporation Disney has developed into, hard work has always been the key ingredient to the success of this entertainment empire. However, hard work does not always lead to success, especially when international expansion occurs. On April 12, 1992, Disney officially opened Euro Disney, a $4 billion USD, and 4,400 acre resort located in Marne- la-Vallà ©e, France. Despite over 7 years of planning and countless hours of research, Euro Disney quickly developed in one of the most costly mistakes in company history. In the first 2 years of operation, Euro Disney lost close to $1.03 billion USD and was forecasted to lose approximately $1 million USD a day for the foreseeable future (Lyn Burgoyne, Euro Disneyland Venture, 2001). The main reason why Euro Disney performed poorly during its first year of operation was due to several factors such as European recession, Cultural differences and Marketing. Just as Euro Disney opened, Europe was in the middle of an economic slump. Disney felt that they could overcome this issue however; High interest rates and the devaluation of several currencies against the Franc caused Europeans to have little spending power at that time. That results in a reduction in disposable income among the French population. Many of the other countries in Europe were experiencing a similar downward slope during the period. Disney did not anticipate the huge differences between themselves as consumers and the Europeans especially the French. The entire resort was designed along the same guidelines as the original Disneyland (Rohese Taylor, Disneyland Paris Case Study, 2000). Much of the reasoning behind this strategic approach can be attributed to the success Disney had with the opening of Tokyo Disneyland. According to (Marty Sklar, Vice Chairman and Principle Creative Executive of Walt Disney Imagineering), The Japanese told us from the beginning, Dont Japanese us. What that meant was, we came here for Disney. We came here for America. Dont give us Japan, we know Japan. Disney determined that the Europeans would want the same as the Japanese an Americanized Disneyland. However, the general sentiment among the French was one of indignation at what some called cultural imperialism. Therefore, Euro Disney was not accepted among the European culture. Euro Disney was marketed incorrectly to both the consumers and the media. The views of the French were not considered when marketing strategies were created. The resort was marketed in the American-style of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦bigness and extravagance. Instead, Euro Disney should have concentrated on the emotional aspect, marketing that guest would have a unique, extraordinary experience they would not forget (Lyn Burgoyne, Walt Disney Companys Euro Disneyland Venture, 2001). To improve the situation, there is a need for Disney to take control of the management decisions and analyzing issues and problems based on their own practice and not to use some team to analyze the problem and have it presented that is way outside the management. Thus, there is also the imperative need to understand and execute appropriate plan of actions that will bridge the gap of culture difference such as knowing what are the characteristics and attitudes of the European people in terms of the nature of business considering what will work on both sides and achieve good marketing strategies that would have connection to promotion and advertising process. The fact that marketing issues was present, it may be proper for Disney to consider strategies that will cater to resolving such issues and probably focus on useful market tactics. The Euro Disney should implement marketing mix strategies which are the price, product, place and promotion. Promotional discounts for families on weekends will fit in to the European culture and planning more ways on how to make business better despite of business conflicts will cater to resolving those issues. Furthermore regarding the environment and location factors, Disney can choose such locations that have strong sales magnet, something that sales and profits are manageable and that possibly, Disney can opt for transfer of Euro-Disney location considering that all aspects of costs and expenses have to be minimal and does not overspend the resources and the need for a justifiable budget is important as high risks within the management and its process may be evident any time. Moreover, Disney can impl ement and apply flexible labor systems that will be adaptable to the situation, and is accepted by the French laborers and thus, the need also to cut down costs and manage risks and small changes properly to have balance of business. Question 2 To what degree do you consider that these factors were a) foreseeable and b) controllable by either Euro Disney or the parent company, Disney? The factors that played into the unsuccessful first year for Euro Disney could easily be foreseen by either euro Disney or the parent company. The same goes to the factor that Euro Disney and its parent company is controllable. It is evident that French has develop a sense of hostility towards the plans as it was stated in the case study, that they did not want American imperialism invading their country and culture. The worse thing is that Euro Disney worked in the arrogant nature of the American thinking. In this I mean, they expected the Europeans to act as Americans and thrive over this newly designed theme park, thus making things a lot worse. (John Graham, International Marketing, 2002) stated that Paris theater director Arianne Mnouchkin became famous for her description of Euro Disney as a Cultural Chernobyl. In the case study, it was also stated that in the fall of 1989, during a visit to Paris, French columnist pelted Michael Eisner with eggs. The joke going around that tim e was, For Euro Disney to adapt properly to France, all seven of Snow Whites dwarfs should be named Grumpy. The French was disappointed during the early advertising because the advertisements focus more on the size and glitz rather than the types of rides and attractions (Phillip Cateora, 2002). Everyone knows advertisements play a major part that influences the society today and affects our everyday life. Nowadays it seems that the only way to avoid any form of advertising is to isolate oneself and live in a cave but not all advertising is negative and bad. It is found almost everywhere such as just by walking on the street, driving a car or watching TV. (Ference, 2004) reports Every surface that could possibly have an ad slapped on it such as clothing, buses, taxis, myriad walls and billboards, even the snow you ski on now hawks something. Every advertiser or company must do more than just make a product, give it an attractive price and offer it to the consumer, communicate and promote it to their current and future customers, they have to advertise it. Therefore, the ability to foresee that the advertising was getting a negative response was obvious and this could have been somewhat controlled by Euro Disney or the parent company. Advertising bombards us everywhere but it is not without control and regulation by the government, businesses and citizens. This opens one of the major issues in advertising, the question of law and ethics. Advertising should be carefully controlled. Society needs to make sure that people are not taken in by misleading advertisements in which Euro Disney make a huge mistake emphasizing the glitz and size instead of different rides and attractions. This can be controllable if Euro Disney followed principles such as telling the truth, showing the truth in which the product should look exactly the same way as the consumers will purchase it. The general impression should as well be truthful because Advertising is judged not by what it says, but what the consumers thinks it says (Roman Mass, 2003, p. 200-202). Other important factors that managers could have foreseen included the approaching European recession, the Gulf War in 1991 and increased interest rates. External factors that affected business also included the devaluation of other currencies against the franc and competitions that drew the attention of European tourists. These competitions were the worlds fair in Seville and the 1992 Olympics, which was held in Barcelona (Phillip Cateora and John Graham, p. 615). It was apparent that the managers of Euro Disney and Disney separated themselves from their counterparts with many levels and departments. These include the government, banks and other parties that were involved. Some of the Disney managers admitted that they were arrogant and that their attitudes were forceful and controlling. It was as if all would agree to do it the way they suggested, then everything would be just fine and everyone would be happy (Phillip Cateora and John Graham, p. 614). Question 3 Evaluate the cross-cultural marketing skills of Disney. The origins of cross-cultural analysis in the 19th century world of colonialism was strongly grounded in the concept of cultural revolution, which claimed that all societies progress through an identical series of distinct evolutionary stages. Culture consists of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, and works of art, rituals, ceremonies and symbols. It has played a crucial role in human evolution, allowing human beings to adapt the environment to their own purposes rather than depend solely on natural selection to achieve adaptive success. Every human society has its own particular culture, or socio cultural system (Encyclopedia Britannica). Cross-cultural marketing is international marketing on a personal level. It means considering cultural differences when planning marketing campaigns and media, realizing the need for a balance between localization and globalization and most importantly, implementing strategies that respect differences while seeking to unify brand messages. The problem with Euro Disney was that they did not utilize the cross-cultural marketing skills. Based on the case study, Disney executives were told that the French did not eat breakfast so that the meal was downsized but surprisingly the French do eat breakfast. 2,500 breakfasts were served in a restaurant that only held 350 people. They also discovered that the French did not just want croissants and coffee, they wanted bacon and eggs (Phillip Cateora and John Graham, p. 615). This showed that the cross-cultural skills were not employed such as the misinterpreted of data and wrong information retrieved during the environmental scanning of the elements of the European culture. The managers should have known that Europeans were more energetic and will certainly covered more of the Euro Disney theme park and rides than those in the western hemisphere. In contrast to Disneys American parks where visitors typically stay at least three days, Euro Disney is at most a two day visit. The Eu ropean vacations were not examined so the theme park did not see the profits and success as hoped. Americans take short breaks but they take them more often. However, Europeans take one month holiday. The American managers were naÃÆ' ¯ve that they thought the Europeans would change their one month tradition and adopt the Americans shorter yet more frequent time off but that did not happen. The French schedule remained the same as they would close the office and factory during the entire month of August. These factors should have been considered. Cross-cultural marketing would have been extremely useful but the parent companys executives were being quite ethnocentric and it cost a great price (Phillip Cateora and John Graham, p. 615). Needless to say, their cross-cultural skills were unsatisfactory; in fact nonexistent is more appropriate to say. Had they had any skills of this sort, the beginning would have been a success and not such a failed start. As we now understand, the Europeans have to be attuned to the nuances of culture so that a new culture can be viewed objectively, evaluated, and appreciated. Just because a culture is different does not make it wrong. Euro Disney marketers should understand how their own American-style cultures influence their assumptions of another culture (John L. Graham, The Global Environment of Global Markets). Question 4 Do you think the new theme park would have encountered the same problems if a location in Spain had been selected? Discuss Spain, a country located in south-western Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Portugal and France covers a total area of 505,957 sq km. Spain has 4,964 km of coastline. Besides five other places of sovereignty on and off the coast of Morocco, Spain consists of 17 administrative regions, 15 of which are on mainland Spain. Spain occupies four-fifths of the Iberian Peninsula and is a land of immense geographical diversity. It offers the tourist a great deal. Spains coastline has long since been a magnet for visitors but in recent years more and more people are spending holiday time, exploring beautiful and cultural Spain, away from the sea and sand. Spain has everything from lush, green forests and mountain ranges, through to endless arid plains and long, sandy beaches (Idealspain, 2010). Since the 1960s and the invention of the package holiday, Spain has always been a top tourist destination. There are few areas of Spain that have not seen the effect of tourism. Spain has adapted to cater for tourists and every area offers something different. Northern Spain offers a different type of holiday with lush green forests, un-spoilt nature reserves and clean rivers. This part of Spain has adapted to offer nature holidays and activity holidays, based on the rivers or within the nature reserves. Hotels tend to be more individual and have rural locations. Beach holidays have always been popular in Spain with the attraction of the wonderful climate, clean beaches and ample hotel facilities (Idealspain, 2010). If the location selected by Disney is in Spain, it would have been met with less criticism and is believed the cultural differences will play a huge role in its success. As I mentioned earlier, Spain is also one of the top tourists attraction countries in Europe. Disney would still have to learn the customs and the culture of Spain and incorporate them into the development, implementation and operation of a new theme park. The work habits of the Americans is totally different from Spain in which the Spains main concern is focus on life and family first whereas the Americans focus more on themselves and individuality, not the group. This suggests that if Disney theme park is in Spain at least the Spanish which gives top priorities to the families will often bring them to the theme park. (Tom Strong, Spanish Cultural Commentator) gives his view of the differences between Spain and the U.S.A. In the U.S.A., a newborn baby gets a social security number. In Spain, the newborn gets added t o the Libro de Familia. In Spain, it is not at all uncommon for children to stay at home until age 30 whereas in the U.S.A. they would be tagged with the word loser. International marketing is all about culture and what we are able to do in marketing to a particular foreign product such as Disneyland to market its theme park is shaped by the cultural variables of the country as well as the great importance to understanding the Spanish culture. The geographical conditions of Spain provide sunshine all year round and milder winter temperatures. The advantages are that it may attract potential customers form the northern Africa and the Middle East because of its wonderful climate. In terms of its purchasing power, total population and its density it wont lose to the French counterpart. The (Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook, 2010) stated that the Spain purchasing power for the year 2009 is $1.367 trillion and its French counterparts is $2.113 trillion and the GDP for Spain is $33,700 whereas the French is $32,800. As a member of the European Union, travel to the southern state already a tourist center in the Union, will yet provide more rea son for the launch of Euro Disney. The entry ticket should cover the cost of the Spanish sunshine, sympathy and service, unlike the rest of Europe. Question 5 If you were the business development manager, what would be the major consideration you would go through before selecting a location for the next Disneyworld? From your discussion select a location you think will be the next Disneyland site. As a business development manager, I will have to take into consideration about some in depth knowledge and analysis about a countrys background before selecting the location for the next Disneyworld. There are many factors in the macro-environment that will affect the decisions of the managers of Disney. Tax changes, new laws, trade barriers, demographic change and government policy changes are all examples of macro change that will help Disneyworld to know more about the foreign market conditions and the external forces. To help analyze these factors I will categorize them using the PESTEL model. Political factors may refer to the government policy such as the degree of intervention in the economy. What goods and services does a government want to provide? To what extent does it believe in subsidizing firms? What are its priorities in terms of business support? Political decisions can impact on many vital areas for business such as the education of the workforce, the health of the nation and the quality of the infrastructure of the economy such as the road and rail system (Aguilar, F.J., Scanning the business environment, 1967). Economic factors include interest rates, taxation changes, economic growth, inflation and exchange rates. As we all know a shift in economic can have a major impact on a firms behavior. For instance higher interest rates may deter investment because it costs more to borrow a strong currency may make exporting more difficult because it may raise the price in terms of foreign currency inflation may provoke higher wage demands from employees (Aguilar, F.J., Scanning the business environment, 1967). Social factors are changes in social trends which can impact on the demand for products and the availability and willingness of individuals to work. In the UK, for example, the population has been ageing. This has increased the costs for firms who are committed to pension payments for their employees because their staffs are living longer. The ageing population also has impact on demand for example; demand for sheltered accommodation and medicines have increased whereas demand for toys is falling (Aguilar, F.J., Scanning the business environment, 1967). Environmental factors include the weather and climate change. Changes in temperature can impact on tourism industry such as Disneyland. With major climate changes occurring due to global warming and with greater environmental awareness this external factor is becoming a significant issue for firms to consider. The growing desire to protect the environment is having an impact on many industries such as the travel and transportation industries for example, more taxes being placed on air travel and the success of hybrid cars and the general move towards more environmentally friendly products and processes is affecting demand patterns and creating business opportunities (Aguilar, F.J., Scanning the business environment, 1967). After the extensive analysis of these major external forces, I would think the next Disneyland site should be in Canada. I think it should be top in priority because Canada is rich in history, landscapes and its aboriginal cultures. Canada is a country with much diversity as it has mountains, national park and alpine forest. According to the Nation Brand Index (Anholt and GfK Roper research agencies, 2008) that measures the worlds perception of 50 nations by interviewing 20,000 adults from 20 countries, the friendliest nation in the world is Canada. Canada has hosted several high-profile international sporting events, including the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, and the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Canada is the host nation for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia (The Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympics Winter Games, 2009) which we can see is obvious that it is a place for major tour ists attraction which can bring advantages for Disneyland.. This scientific approach to friendliness may seem a bit formal, but indeed, the Canadians are really quite hospitable, kind people and are truly worthy of honors. Many Europeans and Americans travel to this country as it is less expensive if compared to the rest of Europe. The Europeans are most likely to head there during august, the people from the United States usually head up during spring break, and many companies offer trips to Canada as incentives, bonuses and conferences. Visitors from central and South America also visited Canada. There is an influx of expatriates moving to Canada as many want to go there to escape the Asian life and as well to pursue The American Dream. Having stated all of this, it is still very important to that the tunnel vision of ethnocentrism be avoided. Although there are advantages and reasons supporting why Disney can do well with its current operation style because they are neighboring countries, Canadas culture, beliefs and morals still vary. Like other countries, Canada is not considered to be a country of workaholics as the United States is stereotyped to be. The family or group is still top priority versus the Americans view of individual accomplishment being the top goal. It is important to learn from the mistakes that were made when Euro Disney was started. Having offices and managers from the country will be detrimental. Incorporating Canadas culture and examining the tourists activities, practices and trends will be crucial to the making or breaking of a Disney in Canada. Conclusion Euro Disney has greatly enhanced their product since the troubled beginnings in 1992. During this period, many key lessons were learned about the relationship between culture and product offering. These lessons learned became the basis for future development in the European market. Today, the Disneyland Paris Resort is marginally profitable and is experiencing high, yet stagnant, attendance rates. It would be presumptuous to label the resort a success, especially since its net total loss is still over $700 million. However, changes in the marketing and design of the resort have led to profitability and gradual acceptance among the European citizens. In order to increase profitability and attendance, three factors must be achieved: product marketing must be increased, the current marketing strategy must be enhanced and ethnocentric obstacles must be overcome. There exists long-term optimism for the future of Euro Disney due to the strong foundation it has developed over its 10 years o f existence, the strong financial backing of the investors, and its plans for future development within the European culture. With proper strategic planning and a relentless pursuit to continue to learn and adapt to the European culture, Disneyland Paris will be a successful resort. Bibliography Aguilar, F.J. (1967), Scanning the business environment. New York: Macmillan. Cateora, Phillip Graham, John (2002), International Marketing: Eleventh Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. [Online] CIA The World Fact book (2010). https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html, Accessed on February 18, 2010. [Online] CIA The World Fact book (2010). https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sp.html, Accessed on February 19, 2010. Della Cava, Marco (October 10, 1999), Theme parks are staking bigger claims in Europe. Prada, Paulo Orwall, Bruce (2002), Mickeys Bosses Learn From Past Mistakes in Opening New Park in France. Dow Jones Interactive Business. Schneider, Mike (2001), Theme Parks Adapt to Nations Cultures; Disney, Other Firms Look Outside North America for New Markets. Dow Jones Interactive Business. [Online] Idealguides Ltd Group of Companies (2010). http://www.idealspain.com/Pages/Information/GeographyHeading.htm, Accessed on February 20, 2010. [Online] Sylt, Christian (2008), Magic results: Euro Disney plans new hotels. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/magic-results-euro-disney-plans-new-hotels-899529.html, Accessed on February 21, 2010. [Online] La-Vallee, Marne and Chu, Jeff (2002), Happily Ever After? http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901020325-218398,00.html, Accessed on February 21, 2010.

The Use of Force Essay -- Health Care

The Use of Force, written by William Carlos Williams is a story about a conflicted unnamed doctor using physical force to determine a diagnosis. The question that is brought up is whether or not the doctor’s use of force was one of ethical duty or infuriating violence. The doctor makes it his duty to save the patient, Mathilda as she does not cooperate he makes a choice to go on and use force to open her mouth to determine her diagnosis. The choice of using force isn’t necessarily the questionable part, the motive on using physical force is debatable. The ultimate question that the short story, the Use of Force asks is whether or not the doctor’s motives become one of dutiful compassion or desirable violence. As the story begins, the unnamed doctor is introduced as one who appears to be strictly professional. â€Å"Aas often, in such cases, they weren’t telling me more than they had to, it was up to me to tell them; that’s why they were spending three dollars on me.† (par. 3) The doctor leaves the first impression that he is one that keeps his attention about the job and nothing out of the ordinary besides stating his impressions on the mother, father and the patient, Mathilda. Though he does manage to note that Mathilda has a fever. The doctor takes what he considers a â€Å"trial shot† and â€Å"point of departure† by inquiring what he suspects is a sore throat (par. 6). This point in the story, nothing remains out of the ordinary or questionable about the doctor’s methods, until the story further develops. The doctor contains his professionalism, but as it goes on, pieces of frustrated irregularities begin to surface. As the doctor learns that the parents say no, that the girl says she doesn’t have a sore throat, he purs... ...der what motive? He had to justify his motives, perhaps to add some morality to ensure what he was doing was ethical. He would flip that thought, perhaps to try and downplay his desire to unleash his violent frustration onto the girl. He ultimately saved Mathilda’s life in a sense, but under which motive? I believe the this is the question William Carlos Williams’ The Use of Force has the reader ask themselves. Under a emergency situation the human condition can be torn between a code of ethics or a dominance of dark desire. No doubt in The Use of Force, the end of the situation turned out well as the girl could be saved, but the method to find out was ambiguous. How well would the case between doing the right thing and doing what you desire turn out in any other situation? I believe this is the question that William Carlos Williams wanted the reader to think about.

The Importance of Pearl in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay

The Significance of Pearl One of the most complex characters in The Scarlet Letter is Pearl, the illegitimate daughter of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. Throughout the story, she develops into a dynamic individual, as well as an extremely important symbol. Pearl is shunned from society because of her mother's sin. She is a living representation of the scarlet letter, acting as a constant reminder of Hester's sin. Hawthorne uses vivid descriptions to characterize Pearl. She is first described as the infant, "...whose innocent life had sprung, by the inscrutable decree of Providence, a lovely and immortal flower, out of the rank luxuriance of a guilty passion." (Hawthorne 81). From the beginning of her life she is viewed as the product of a sin, as a punishment. Physically, she has a "beauty that became every day more brilliant, and the intelligence that threw its quivering sunshine over the tiny features of this child." (Hawthorne 81,82). Pearl is ravishing, with "beauty that shone with deep and vivid tints' a bright complexion, eyes possessing intensity both of depth and glow, and hair already of a deep, glossy brown, and which, in after years, would be nearly akin to black." Combining with her extreme beauty, are the lavish dresses that she wears. The exquisite dresses and her beauty cause her to be viewed as even stranger from the other typical Puritan children, whom are dressed in traditio nal clothing. As a result, she is accepted by nature and animals, and ostracized by the other Puritan children. "Pearl was a born outcast of the infantile world... the whole peculiarity, in short, of her position in respect to other children." (Hawthorne 86). The children did not accept Pearl, her unavoidable seclusion was due to the ... ... mother, whom is not wearing the scarlet A and whose hair is down, she refuses to acknowledge her without her A and capped hair. This shows Pearl's dissent for beauty as a solution to sin, which is expressed in the first few chapters when Hester is lightly punished for her adultery. Because of Pearl's banishment from Puritan society she was thrown to another way of life and her wildness and peculiarity is a direct product of her banishment. Her character acts as a mysterious and interesting symbol in The Scarlet Letter. Pearl is an important character, as she is a constant reminder to Hester, as well as to the reader, of the sin of Hester. She contributes largely to the themes of the novel through her unusual history. The one character that seems to play the most uninvolved role in the novel is one of the most forceful symbols and individual throughout. The Importance of Pearl in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter Essay The Significance of Pearl One of the most complex characters in The Scarlet Letter is Pearl, the illegitimate daughter of Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale. Throughout the story, she develops into a dynamic individual, as well as an extremely important symbol. Pearl is shunned from society because of her mother's sin. She is a living representation of the scarlet letter, acting as a constant reminder of Hester's sin. Hawthorne uses vivid descriptions to characterize Pearl. She is first described as the infant, "...whose innocent life had sprung, by the inscrutable decree of Providence, a lovely and immortal flower, out of the rank luxuriance of a guilty passion." (Hawthorne 81). From the beginning of her life she is viewed as the product of a sin, as a punishment. Physically, she has a "beauty that became every day more brilliant, and the intelligence that threw its quivering sunshine over the tiny features of this child." (Hawthorne 81,82). Pearl is ravishing, with "beauty that shone with deep and vivid tints' a bright complexion, eyes possessing intensity both of depth and glow, and hair already of a deep, glossy brown, and which, in after years, would be nearly akin to black." Combining with her extreme beauty, are the lavish dresses that she wears. The exquisite dresses and her beauty cause her to be viewed as even stranger from the other typical Puritan children, whom are dressed in traditio nal clothing. As a result, she is accepted by nature and animals, and ostracized by the other Puritan children. "Pearl was a born outcast of the infantile world... the whole peculiarity, in short, of her position in respect to other children." (Hawthorne 86). The children did not accept Pearl, her unavoidable seclusion was due to the ... ... mother, whom is not wearing the scarlet A and whose hair is down, she refuses to acknowledge her without her A and capped hair. This shows Pearl's dissent for beauty as a solution to sin, which is expressed in the first few chapters when Hester is lightly punished for her adultery. Because of Pearl's banishment from Puritan society she was thrown to another way of life and her wildness and peculiarity is a direct product of her banishment. Her character acts as a mysterious and interesting symbol in The Scarlet Letter. Pearl is an important character, as she is a constant reminder to Hester, as well as to the reader, of the sin of Hester. She contributes largely to the themes of the novel through her unusual history. The one character that seems to play the most uninvolved role in the novel is one of the most forceful symbols and individual throughout.