How Secure is Your Data, Information and Information Systems Assignment

How Secure is Your Data, Information and Information Systems Technology - Assignment frameworkAs the discussion this will ensure that in cases where virus wipe out important information, thither stop still be a source of reference. In the authors own organization, he believes upgrading our antivirus organization as exists in your organization will do us a lot of good. The issue of insider threat is something that we twain touched on as part of the trends in security issues. The reporter however did not name the case of employee negligence. He believes that from the elaboration that you give about employee negligence and how it applies to your organization, having much emphasis on employee preparedness will be a solution to the problem that you currently face. This is because through training, most of the cases of negligence can be dealt with as employees will gain the needed experience to handle all forms of security system cases. In the reporters own organization, he is going t o take a lot of inspiration from your organization on the use of specific employee based rules to ensure that all forms of insider breaches are dealt away with.

Makeup HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

chip inup HW - Assignment ExampleSerfdom-that is what it is-and who wants to be a serf? (Nadya) They also bet that they would not be able to co-exist with each other in the community farms because regular in their privately owned farms, they still could not go days without dis fit ining when Lukyan said Nowadays members of the same family get in each others way and quarrel and fight, and here we are, strangers, are supposed to be resembling one family. Can we-dark, beastly muzhiks-make a go of it without scratching each others faces, wrench each others hair or hurling stones at one another? (Nadya) They insure the agitators of collectivism as people who are intent on destroying their way of life, wanting them to bend to their shape by force. One of the muzhik said, We do as we please. ... They claimed that they exploited the resources for their own benefit and did not debate of the future whereas they thought of the future. The Communist Party official said Isnt it about tim e you halt thinking each one for himself, for his own piggish hide? You koolaks of course will never establish reconciled to a new order. You love to fatten on other peoples blood. that we k instantly how to deal with you. Well wipe you off the face of the earth, even as we have the capitalists in the city. Make no mistake about our intentions and our powers. We shant allow you to profit from the weakness of the bedniak. (Nadya) Living through industrialization The Stalinist industrialization enabled the Soviet workers to move from the countryside to the cities, thrust millions of them into technical institutes where they learnt new skills and nurtured new ambition, provided them with jobs, citizenship and enabled them to venture into politics. The potassium hydrogen tartrate electrician stated Before October, in old tsarist Russia, we werent even considered people. We couldnt even dream about education, or getting a job in a state enterprise. And now I am a citizen of the USSR. Like all citizens, I have the right to a job, to education, to leisure. I can elect and be elected to the soviet (legislative council). Is this not an indication of the supreme achievements of our country? (Davis) The criticisms easy in this excerpt are from the citizens who were the actual labourers and they include the soviet worker who wrote a letter in 1938 when he said, However, to be honest, those shouts are mechanical, made from habit in fact, in his heart, when he comes home, this bawler, eulogist, will agree with his family, his wife who reproaches

Bicycles in Miami Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bicycles in Miami - Essay Exampleate in the manufacture and sale of high quality bicycles in the metropolis and the growth of the industry portrays the both the potential and the future of the place of bicycles in Miami, Florida.Miami is among the leading tourist destinations in the United States famed for its wide beaches. As such(prenominal), the city experiences an influx of visitors peculiarly during summer a give that piles pressure on the citys transport system. In order to overcome such challenges, the state government encouraged the use of bicycles thereby giving rise to the number of bicycles in the city. The accounting of the city therefore includes the high number of bicycles (Mathur, 2014). Progressively, bicycles remained a fundamental feature of transport in the city as the industry expanded owing to the concerted government effort to promote clean and synthetic rubber environment. As a preferred tourist destination, the use of bicycles in Miami offered a cheaper authority of transport especially for the locals who had to compete for public transport with the rising number of tourists visiting the city annually. This explains the historical position of bicycles in the city, the position has not changed since to date both locals and tourists alike prefer the use of bicycles as the preferred means of transport in Miami.The use of bicycles remains commonplace in Miami as the government continues to expand projects that foster the growth of the industry through systematic policies. The wealthy and the rich in Miami continue to show gustatory perception for bicycle as a means of transport owing to the governments endeavors to improve the cargo deck of the means of transport. The trend spread throughout the city owing to the health benefits associated with cycle to work. Besides sustaining the cleanliness of the environment, cycling to work promises a lean healthy body since it provides the body with intense physical activity thereby burning us ed calories in the body (Frantz, 2009). Different arms of the government

Importance of Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Importance of In fleshation Management - Essay ExampleThis is important in that it would assistance the precaution plan on better ways of servicing its client. This supports the arguments form the composition that states that information management forms the basis for up the students satisfaction and learning experience. Information is the only way through which management or the administration can interact with the students. I also realized that a channel linking the academic provide and the teaching staff or the teacher and the student is actually important. Consequently, there must be a channel that should link them. It is clear that information presented in the paper support the claims made by Erlanger (2005)that states that companionship management or information management impacts on innovation and organizational performance directly and indirectly (through an increase on innovation capability). This is because the acquisition of the right information from the clients, for this case, students would enable the management or the civilize administration to plan for the best strategies to adopt towards improving the performance of the students (Levy, 2003). Information management provides the basis for improving the performance of the employees. Based on the discussion from the paper, it is clear that in school setting, the performance of the teachers can be enhanced through course unit evaluation. Course unit evaluation is where the students fill a form that targets at exploring whether the teacher or the tutor is doing as expected. The paper reveals that although the course unit evaluation is important, almost people especially the students take it lightly and hence fail delivering comprehensive information to the academic staff. This would observe the staff from coming up with appropriate intervention measures. The paper affirms that it is possible to resolve this by deluxe a forceful feedback into the system. This would make the student take the issue seriously. The time for evaluation is also very important. It is undisputable that if the evaluation is done at the end of the course, then the respondent, or rather the students may not benefit because the kind of changes that would be adopted would be possibly implemented in the next session. Because of this, it is original that appropriate and trenchant evaluation should be carried out in the middle of the course (Babcock, 2004). Appropriate and effective information management provides the basis for improving the performance of the client. Grading, for example, is an example in which this point becomes relevant. It is clear that rank is a means through which the management can meet the students needs. Just as the paper puts it, it is received that appropriate grading system should be able to motivate the student and not just to stimulate them grade. The paper affirms that comments are imperative because it offers detailed, personalized feedback that would help in meas uring progress towards strategic targets (Kanyengo, 2009). Additionally, the paper gives an insight of significance of using the online quizzes and homework tasks on blackboard. I wholly support this fact because acceptance of online quizzes and homework task on blackboard would be time-consuming and also it allows provision of grade or a few generic statements of feedback. A study that was done by Liu & Cavanaugh (2011) reveals that teachers comments and feedback on the students assignments as well as teacher-student interaction are very

Organizational Buyer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

organizational vendee Behavior - Essay ExampleA corresponding product specification is either unquestionable or searched.Then Comes the step of searching for a supplier who notify provide goods and / or run for the requirement.The suppliers are then sought for proposing the solutions for the needs of products or service.Based on Proposals a Supplier is selected.An post routine is finalized.Performance is reviewed.Buying CenterThere are often multiple decision makers obscure in organizational purchases. This requires that the marketer is aware of the needs of the various Players involved in making decisions. Users A user is the end consumer of a product. Influencers An influencer is someone who has influence over what is purchased. Deciders A decider is someone who ultimately has effectiveness if or what to purchase. Buyers A buyer is someone who arranges the transaction. Gatekeepers A gatekeeper could include anyone in the organization who can control the flow of information. Factors influencing Industrial Buyer Behavior (Telecommunication)There are various factors which influence the Buyer Behavior.Following are the factors which primarily influence the selection of a Supplier for leading telecom companies in Telecommunication market1. Data on reliability of the product Proof of reliability about the suppliers gild and its transmission products is of utmost importance.2. Technical capability the kind of technical capabilities to accommodate future product developments and enhancements in any case plays an important role in deciding about the supplier.3. Ease of Maintance Most of the Telecom companies require pre example steps to be done by the network providers (suppliers of the network) and therefore might have significant amount of... 4. Ease of Operation and Use The supplier should be well equipped to provide the Know-how on trading operations and use and should also have inbuilt people and technical resources to accommodate any operations re late request.

Annotated Bibliography Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated Bibliography Assignment - Essay ExampleIt elaborates on hear steps such as peer criticism, observation, instructor guidance and personal experience. I gained access to this rise by dint of googlebooks.com, under the search name of illuminating speech.The book publication delves into three objectives critical in public address. This include, educating students on the ethical implications of their word, acknowledging respect to audience diversity and civic life preparation. Furthermore, the book advances advice obligatory for effective public speaking and expounds on the logic behind the advice. . I gained access to this base through googlebooks.com, under the search name of informative speech.This book explains on the strategies and process that can be utilise by students in the process of developing into effective and confident public speakers. It offers a diverse and funny learning style that acknowledges audience diversity, ethical public speaking and taming of c ommunication fear. I gained access to this source through googlebooks.com, under the search name of informative speech.This book highlights and describes the various challenges of effective public speaking such as anxiety. Furthermore, it offers a thorough six step process of Speech Planning execution Steps, designed to prepare students in effective speech delivery. Consequently, the reader is able to attain good grades in public speaking course. . I gained access to this source through googlebooks.com, under the search name of informative

360-degree feedback Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

360-degree feedback - Case Study fountDownward feedback is the feedback received from direct supervisors and also superiors from other areas. Upward feedback is the feedback received from individuals who are either right away reporting to the person who is receiving the feedback or feedback from other people in the lower hierarchy. The last one is feedback unruffled from the people at the same level i.e. peers, clients, and/or colleagues. At Landon, the 360-degree feedback is used to get feedback so that employees whoremaster work on all developmental areas however, they are not appraised based on this feedback. Yet, 360-degree feedback is believed to be censorious for the organizations performance. . Ideally, 360-degree feedback is collected to assess the performance of a supervisor or an individual in terms of people management, process and client management. Also, 360-degree feedback helps to understand personality of the individual and perception that peers have on the indiv idual. It would be a good practice if the names of the feedback providers from downward, upward & from peer groups are not disclose to the feedback receiver. In the present case, Sam shares the 360-degree feedback report with Alex along with the names of the people who provided the feedback. This is one of the reasons 360-degree feedback is not real by people and/or people hesitate to provide an spread and honest feedback, especially when the feedback is for psyche at higher level. The 360-degree feedback should be explained to everyone so that everyone understands the concept and purpose in the right manner. This can be further improvised if the feedback is backed up with strong data or information. Based on Alexs notion about .360-degree feedback, it is clear that he is not fully aware of its importance in destiny him perform better. Alex is unaware of the impact each feedback plays in helping him grow to higher levels of leaders. Therefore, he should be educated about the si gnificance and purse of 360-degree feedback before providing feedback collected so that he conditions his approach to receiving the feedback with an open mind. 2. What behaviors by Alex are having the greatest impact on the 360-degree data? Alexs performance and behavior enticed plus and negative feedback from all groups that provided feedback. Firstly, Alex is recognized as an aggressive performer with high career aspirations. His strong educational background and little work experience that has been so successful have contributed to the aggression and the drive to master every milstone. This drive further reinforces Alexs commitment to work and encourages him to work harder. His efforts to go extra mile is sanitary appreciated and does whatever it takes to achieve his goal. Alex expects the same commitment and efforts from his subordinates as well. Alexs confidence gained by means of immense efforts and utmost commitment is very evident based on the feedback received. He is r ecognized as very impulsive because his subordinates feet that he is not good listener. In the sense, he always provides instructions, but does not seek others opinion or ask for their inputs on business-related matters. Moreover, his aggression causes him to react impulsively, which the team members as well as peers feel is overpowering and ill treating. Similar feedback from his peers makes him less approachable however, his immense knowledge and discreet dealing with business challenges makes him a popular and desired employee. It is evident that Alex Sanders is aspiring for higher roles in the leadership position and greater achievements. The 360-degree feedback from his superiors, subordinates and peers has much

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Organisational Behaviour - Essay ExampleIt is expected that not any kind of people, but still a few with certain work privateities can become effective in fact kinds of jobs. This fact about employee types is attributed to five major personality types or characteristics found to be predominant among workers, namely extraversion/introversion emotional stability/instability agreeability/hostility conscientiousness/heedlessness and open-mindedness/closed-mindedness (Barrick and Mount, 1991). Depending on the notation of work, there may be observed imbalances between the levels of each personality type, and this accounts for the predominating personality type among persons in a particular work setting, which in turn dictates their success or sorrow in particular work settings or careers. ... ality types in each individual could affect the relative success or failure in each kind of job or work, thus it is important that aside from knowing the personal strengths and weaknesses of each individual, it is also relevant that the companys goals be clear and concise enough to be understood (Bruck and Allen, 2003). With this in mind, the workplace must be able to create an environment that cultivates the individuals skills in various levels and areas while at the same time relying on each persons predominating work personality type. Different personality types go well with certain kinds of work. Person-job (PJ) fitting and person-organisation (PO) fitting has been utilise to assess what kind of work would make particular types of people excel, as well as predicting those that may prove to be difficult for them (Ryan and Kristof-Brown, 2003). People place high in extroversion levels are inform to be suitable to careers with greater public exposure such as sales, those which rate high in emotional stability are more suited to law-enforcement work lie in security or police work, conscientiousness is linked with meticulous and detailed work such as engineering and architecture, agreeableness goes well with public service work such as foundations or public health work, and nudeness is one trait that is lauded in the academics or in research work (Mullins, 2005 Touze, 2005). When the PJ or the PO rating is good, this implies that the person is able to reconcile personal beliefs, attitudes and work goals with the organisations own objectives, which increases the persons chances of staying in the organisation and achieving personal satisfaction. However, when the PJ or PO rating is bad or low, chances are that the individuals personal preferences simply

M3A1 PART B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M3A1 PART B - Essay ExampleImprove the communication patterns of the accompany Communication is one of the fundamental requirements for any company to succeed. Un want in GM, where the communication channels knotty long rigorous procedures that discouraged the employees (Kurtz & Boone, 2011). The communication channels between the employees and the senior management should be spread and reliable to enable the employees have a feel that the company acknowledges their views and ideas. Therefore, their productivity would improve as they off their challenges to the management (Huq, 2010).Enhance teamwork within the company Teamwork enables the employees have a better understanding of each opposite and promotes cordial relations within the working environment (Kurtz & Boone, 2011). By so doing, the workers feel comfortable magic spell at work and this enhances their overall productivity due to the existence of good understanding and sharing of ideas. sh are-out ideas is important sin ce the workers can come up with an idea that could prove to be the turn-around moment for the company like a new invention (Moorhead & Griffin, 2011).Creating a sense of responsibility among the employees The management ought to let the employees opportunities to gift their levels of responsibility by making them in charge. This may involve letting them have total figure over an as primed(p) and monitoring its usage from a vantage point (Lashley, 2012). This makes them have the idea that they are trusted in the company hence they form a sense of responsibility and consequently suffer out their works diligently. Moreover, they can sum up courage and make viable lasts in the absence seizure of the company managers (Huq, 2010).Involving the employees in the decision making process of the company When employees get involved in the decision making processes of a company, they are instilled with a sense of belonging and they get a mental set of associating

The History of Projective Geometry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of Projective Geometry - raise ExampleIn the everyday life, one often does come across varied aspects of projective geometry. For example a motion picture being displayed on a screen is an example of projection. The shadows brought into existence by murky objects are one other example of projective geometry. Projective geometry evolved and developed into a formal constituent of mathematical studies oer a long period of time. History The history of projective geometry is an apt example of the confluence and collaboration among science and art. Projective geometry, to begin with had its origins in the studies in optics carried on by the Arab mathematicians like Alhazen (Boyer et al., 143). During the Renaissance, when the Western atomic number 63 developed a more look outside approach to varied aspects of life including mathematics and art, the discoveries and studies of Arab mathematicians that had by that time reached Europe through trade routes greatly influenced the Western world (Boyer et al., 145). The one big daub in the Western art that had been created till now was that it was more or less flat in its presentation and style. However, soon, several early Renaissance artists after being influenced and inspired by the essentially Arab studies in optics, started to develop techniques of visual depiction that endowed their works of art with a three dimensional learning and perspective (Encyclopedia Britannica Online) . The creations of Renaissance art had a significant impact on the contemporary and future mathematicians. The projective geometry evinced parturient reverberations in the architectural draws of Leon Battista (1404-1472) and Filippo Brunelledchi (1377-1446). In fact, it was these two individuals who laid down the foundation of the method of perspective drawing (Encyclopedia Britannica Online). The primary approach of this method was to connect the eyes of the painter to various points on a beautify with the help of seemingly s traight lines. The original drawing was created on the basis of tracing the intersection of these lines on a vertical categoric. Obviously, this approach towards drawing was named projective geometry as it intended to project a real plane on a picture plain (Encyclopedia Britannica Online). Further, Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) and Gerard Desargues (1591-1661) further expanded the scope and possibility of projective geometry by development the concept of point of infinity (Boyer et al., 221). In that context, it would not be wrong to say that the works and studies of Gaspard Monge at some time during the end of the 18th century played a central and pivotal region in the future development and study of projective geometry (Boyer et al., 221). Still it was Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788-1867) who is attributed to be the father of modern projective geometry (.Encyclopedia Britannica Online) Jean-Victor Poncelet was a noted French engineer and mathematician who are credited with the hono r of systematically and formally reviving projective geometry in the nineteenth century. Some mathematicians go even as far ahead to claim that his work Traite stilboestrolproprietes projectives des figures was actually the first credible, authentic and well researched work on projective geometry after what was published by Gerard Desargues in the 17th century (.Encyclopedia Britannica Online )To begin with it were the French mathematicians Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) and

Impact of Changes on Target Companys Structure Assignment

Impact of Changes on lead Companys Structure - Assignment ExampleJones postulates that the organizational structures are two in kind, namely mechanical structure and organic structure (209). Wei, Liu and Harden postulate that the percentage point to this subdivision of jobs is the work speciality in the organization (19). Securing and Goldbach refers to the marches centralized as the concentration of authority and responsibility for finish making in the hands of managers at the top of an organizations hierarchy (214). In other words, Kumar and Bhat describe the term centralization in an organization as the degree to which decision making is concentrated in a single point (346). The degree of decision making concentrated in numerous points shows decentralization in an organization (Applebaum & et.al., 2008).The Target Company has a mechanistic organizational structure. It has a high level of specialization which wholeows it to divide the jobs into portentous groups. The work s pecialization requires that each person should be placed according to his/her qualifications and sleep together to ensure a maximum level of specialization in their work. Each department has been allotted contrary work that is not given to the other department in the organization (Ouchi, 1977).The answer to this question is that all stores of the community are centrally controlled through a centrally located center for every region. Target Company has a mechanistic structure that allows it to need a centrally located center that has the highest degree of decision-making power to control all the stores located within its jurisdiction.The answer to this question is that the change in the company structure through the incorporation of a grocer sector in Target Company will positively impact its vertical and horizontal aspects. Previously, the Target Company had a focused company strategy to have 5 self-managed teams (an i.e. horizontal aspect of the company structure). Furthermore, the horizontal aspect of the company structureincluded decision making through consensus and voting. Dries and Swinnen argued that vertical and horizontal spillover effects produce improved quality of product and significant growth of small and medium suppliers (1525).

Read an article and respond to the prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Read an article and respond to the prompt - search ExampleAddition all(prenominal)y, individuals with low economic status worked for more hours as compared to individuals with a higher economic status. In 1965, individuals with a college education and a high level of income spent more hours relaxing as compared to individuals with exclusively a high school education. This trend changed towards the end of the twentieth century. According to the Economist By 2005, the college-educated had octet hours slight of it a week than the high-school grads. This postulation is supported by a methodical investigation conducted by the American Time Use Survey that proved that individuals with atleast college education in the US spend an supererogatory two hours daily in their work stations as compared to those with high school education.This change has been contributed by a number of reasons. Educated individuals have been earning more today as compared to what they earned three decades ago. Therefore, these individuals escape to lose more money when pass as compared to what they could lose in the twentieth century. In todays note market, income is dependent on input in terms of working hours. Through my observation of others, it is worth positing that the forwarding of technology has led to significant changes in peoples experiences of leisure. Enjoying oneself today does not necessarily mean going for a vacation anymore. People prefer watching a movie at home with friends and family during weekends rather than vacationing far away from home.In my opinion, this explanation of the shift is valid. Well learned individuals tend to have a higher level of income. Subsequently, these individuals are also in management positions and hence they are given supervisory roles in organizations. This means that they must spend extra hours in the office going through all reports from every department as they are accountable for every activity within organizations. This translates to spending less time relaxing. Conditions in the

Inflation in the US after the Second World War Term Paper

Inflation in the US after the Second mankind War - Term Paper ExampleA low rate of swelling is particularly remarkable because the economy of the US was at least fully employed as per the estimates for the last three old age of the last economic elaborateness goal. However, little tendency of acceleration has been noticed in the swelling rate. It is gruelling to have such a policy task that keeps the economy moving along the full route of employment with no burst of splashiness happening as a result. Since the costs of labor are almost two-thirds of the total costs of production, the rate of rise is considered to be an indication of inflation in incoming at the retail level. The rates rose in the latter stage of the last economic expansion while they were moderate in the contraction, recoin truth, and expansion subsequently. The profile of inflation in the US While europium experienced catastrophic inflation before the Second World War, the US has mainly seen three perio ds of inflation that generated huge economic concern since 1913 the first of these periods was from 1915 to1920 when prices almost doubled, the second period ranged from 1945 to 1947 during which, 34 per cent maturation was noticed, and the third period ranged from 1972 to 1982 during which, a total of 131 per cent increase was noticed (Economy In Perspective, 2010). ... Although there has been no significant inflation in the US for the past few years, yet it does not imply that inflation cannot increase in the future. Eventual increase in the demand for loans by businesses and households is addressed by the commercial message banks. While the consequential increased spending growth by businesses and households is first welcomed, it might lead to outcast inflation in the long run (Feldstein, 2013). Causes of inflation Practically, the US has never experienced a period in its entire history when a change in the level of price was not accompanied with a simultaneous change in the money supply. This forms the basis of the view widely held according to which, inflation is a monetary phenomenon everywhere and always that happens as a result of rise in the monetary quantity relative to the output. In spite of the general consensus held by economists over this view, it is consistent with two very different views over the cause of inflation. According to the first view, rapid growth of money causes inflation and is itself caused from national Reserves mistaken policies. Inflation is controlled by the Federal Reserve and the control is determined by the willingness of the Federal Reserve to constrain the money supply growth. The alternative view is based on the touch that prices experience a major upward pressure because of the activities that cause a decline in the legitimate output. Organized labors attempt to acquire increase in the real wages is a favorite candidate. Other activities include the OPECs monopolistic pricing behavior, changes in the internatio nal trade call because of decline in dollars foreign exchange rate, and major crop failures. Decline in output caused by such activities generally

The essence of Made in Canada Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The essence of Made in Canada - Case aim ExampleFrom these reasons, it is clear that quality plays a huge role in making people barter for Canadian make products, including buying Padernos products. Made in Canada More than ever, the social consciousness of consumers is pushing organizations to promote strategies aimed at corporate social responsibility (Henein & Morissette 49). In the case of Paderno, this should push them to showcase their products as having local characteristics. Even if their products be not make locally, such as the cheaper products they import, they can impress the consumers by laying emphasis on the local features that their value chain possesses, such as product multitude and design, as well as development and research. Companies should withal highlight their impact on the local prudence in a creative manner, such as with regards to creation of jobs, impact of product purchase on the local economy, or the local partners that they involve in confused pr ocesses (Henein & Morissette 49). Consumers in Canada, as well as other developed countries, are increasingly searching for products that are made in Canada. These reasons are because of various consumer trends. One of these trends has to do with the buy local movement with most consumers forthwith shopping closer to business firm (Henein & Morissette 50). They are also looking for goods that are locally made because they are aware that buying goods made in the country are a better choice both environmentally and ethically. Rising consciousness on health may also impact Padernos Made in Canada brand as a population that is gradually ageing becomes to a greater extent aware of their cookware choices and how they are ergonomically designed. Most Canadians now consider the impact that products will have on their health, especially food and, more recently, cookware, and are more willing to pay higher prices for products they trust, which are mostly Canadian made products. Canadian co nsumers are also increasingly frugal with their money as incomes stagnate, which means that they are more cautious about spending. As more Canadians live on fixed incomes, they will begin to turn to the best value for their money, which is Canadian made. Consumers are also showing an increased desire for goods that are customized, which means they are searching for what barely they want. This, in most cases, is Canadian made. Finally, the internet culture has seen many Canadian consumers doing their shopping online, which, coupled with blogs that are increasingly talking about buying Canadian made products, has made it essential for companies to insist on the made in Canada brand (Henein & Morissette 50). The internet factor is especially important in perpetuating the Made in Canada brand since most people will first go to the internet when researching on a picky product (Henein & Morissette 51). At least 70% of consumers in Canada have reported that internet reviews of products, particularly those made in Canada,

CIA Operation PBSUCCESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CIA Operation PBSUCCESS - Essay ExamplePB here stands for Presidential Board while SUCCESS is used to express the general optimism and confidence that this effect would achieve its objectives.Its main objective was overthrowing the popularly-elected Guatemalan President, Jacobo Arbenz Guzman. This was because his government had presented various new policies that the US was of the opinion that they were Communist. The US suspected the influence of the Soviet Union in this. The US clearly hated Communism and solely its principles. They could therefore do anything to stop it.Moreover, Communism threatened to oust the US as the worlds super power. They had to involvement this at all costs to continue with this domination. For Guatemala, Communism posed a threat to the US interests in that country and even neighboring hotshots. They had to intervene to secure these interests. The US was therefore killing two birds with one stone in Guatemala.The US feared that Guatemala becoming a So viet beachhead. Guzman introduced land reform acts were seen as antagonizing united Fruit Company, a US-based multinational. This company had great stakes in the earlier Guatemala administration and urged the US to intervene.The cognitive process took place between 1953 and 1954. ... Later there was another operation known as Operation PBHISTORY. Its count was gathering and analyzing Guatemalan government documents. The US would later use these documents to portray Guzman as puppet of the Soviet Communists.During the administration of two of Guzmans predecessors, Jorge Ubico and Manuel Cabrera, Guatemala was open to foreign investment, with Ubico specially favoring the United Fruit Company. The UFC then invested heavily in the country. It bought controlling stocks of the rail, electricity and telegraph utilities. It won control over most of Guatemalas best land. Ubico administration greatly protected the interests of the United Fruit Company.Soon after the inauguration of Dwight Eisenhower as the US President in 1953, scrutiny of CIA covert action operations started. Eisenhower set up an evaluation known as sun porch that comprised three committees that did an analysis to find out which action plans should go on. Later, CIAs covert activities were kept under tight fitting check. Questions arose as to whether CIA covert operations were proper and if they served national interests (Cullather, 2006).According to David Bruce, a presidential advisor on foreign intelligence activities, these covert actions were responsible for sparking turmoil and raising doubts about the US in legion(predicate) countries worldwide.The US faced political condemnation worldwide because of the role it played in having President Guzman overthrown. The US damaged its reputation in Latin America and also angered its allies. It was heavily criticized even by the United Nations (Kinzer and Schlesinger, 1999). There was strong resentment in the Caribbeans and Latin America. This playe d a part in damaging the stability of Guatemala and Latin

Cultural-Adaptation Essay Example for Free

Cultural-Adaptation EssayThe East African tribe Maasai can be found in Kenya and certain parts of Tanzania. Their subsistence scheme has primarily been pastoral for several centuries. The Maasai herd daunts, sheep and goats for a die hardlihood as they depend on the meat and milk for their survival. The Maasai are also semi-nomadic people, making them pastoral nomads (ONeil 2). This helps them send away from orient to place, in search of better climatic and external conditions suitable for raising their herd animals.They constantly move to areas having greener pastures and adequate water to ensure that their livestock are healthier it also facilitates grass growing backward again in areas that have been grazed by cattle. Their choice of location would also depend upon some other factors such as safety from predators such as lions. The Maasai do not construct per humankindent settlements as they are constantly on the move they live in temporary dwellings that are simple t o construct.The accessible structure of the Maasai has played a key role in preserving the tribes primary subsistence strategy as pastoral for centuries. The age-based social structure is quite fair and consistent as there is no discrimination based on caste or familial segregations. However, there are certain gender-based roles and tradition within the tribe. The men are divided into the youths, the warriors also know as moran, and the elders. On the other hand, the issue girls get married to warrior men, bear children and raise them the women can also become elders after their bear iv children.The youths become warriors around the age of 13 to 17 and move to a different village, live in unsecure enclosures called manyatta built by their mothers and eventually get married (Martin 7). It is the duty of the warriors to ensure that the tribe is safe and cattle are protected from predators. They are mentally conditioned as well as physically practised from a very young age to perf orm this duty. The Maasai women specialize in fleshing houses from sticks, mud and cow dung.This helps the tribe to move from place to place easily and sustain their semi-nomadic way of life. The Maasai men also build thorn fences to keep their cattle safe in enclosures. The elders are supposed to impart wisdom and live passive lives, as the responsibilities and duties of the tribe pass over to the next generation of warriors. The authority figure in their social system is a person known as laibon, roughly translated as medicine man the laibon also fills the religious needs of the tribe and practices shamanism for healing.This uniform socio-cultural structure lends stability and contributes to the subsistence of the Maasai way of life, as there is very little room for rebellion within the group. Many aboriginal cultures around the beingness are going through transition due to modernization and the Maasai are no exception to this rule. urbanization had led to the Maasai being conf ined to clarifieder areas, thus threatening their way of life. To cope with these changes, a small segment of the tribe has recently changed its subsistence strategy to agriculture, fishing and taking menial jobs in urbanized areas.The touristry industry promoted by the government has compelled certain Maasai tribes to diverge away from their self-sufficient lifestyle and act as showpieces for tourists (Akama 717). However, the Maasai still retain certain aspects of their cultural identify such as speaking a words called Maa and wearing a red cloth called the shuka they also pierce their earlobes and adorn large metal earrings. scorn the influence of the modern world, a large segment of the Maasai tribe is still quite self-sufficient as they produce their own food from cattle and take care of other needs such as shelter and medicine.Works Cited Page Akama, John. Marginalization of the Maasai in Kenya. Annals of Tourism Research, Volume 26, Number 3, July 1999. Martin, Marlene. So ciety-MASAI. The nub for Social Anthropology and Computing. June 14, 2009, http//lucy. ukc. ac. uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture. 7860 ONeil, Dennis. (2007). Patterns of Subsistence Pastoralism. Palomar College. June 14, 2009, http//anthro. palomar. edu/subsistence/sub_3. htm

Water resources Essay Example for Free

Water resources Essay1) render the path a molecule of piddle might follow through the hydrologic cycle from the ocean Evaporation takes place and the weewee molecule is taken high up in the atmosphere, where temperatures are very low. Continued accumulation of the molecules of piddle saturates the air and hence rain clouds are normaled though condensation functioning. Precipitation in the form of rainfall, snow then occurs. Where precipitation occurs depends on whether or not the clouds were transported to land by advection process, or remained in the ocean. The cycle is at this point complete and the process starts all over again.2) to land and back again. In the case where the clouds containing the water molecules are transported to land from the ocean by air currents through a process called advection, condensation as well as precipitation occurs over land. Some of the water on hit the ground evaporates to the atmosphere while some penetrate to the ground to form under ground water. But the largest mete out of the water goes back to the ocean in the form of surface run off through streams and rivers. 3) Describe the least one example of the environmental costs of water diversion from river to farms or cities.Water contamination On diversion to farms, the water is mainly used for irrigation purposes. Yet in these farms chemical fertilizers and pesticides are wide applied. The overflow of water is then released back to the rivers, often without proper treatment, carrying with it elements of the chemical fertilizers as well as those of pesticides from the farms, thus polluting river water downstream as well as lakes, seas and oceans into which he rivers drain their water. 4) Explain the residual between point and non-point taint.Which is harder to control? Why? Point contaminant is pollution that originates from a single source. Non-point pollution originates from many points. Non point pollution is harder to control because the sources are many thus not easily identifiable. 1) How does architectonic plate movement create ocean basins, mid(prenominal) ocean ridges, and volcanoes? The movement of tectonic plates could be in the direction of each other or drifting apart. When the plate drifts apart, and it so happens that their boundary is in the ocean, the publication is to open a gap in this boundary.This gap, depending on the extend of movement, could form an oceanic basin, a mid oceanic ridge, or even a volcano. 2) Describe some of the mining, processing, and drilling methods that can degrade water or air quality. Underground mining pollutes underground water. Most mineral processing methods consume a lot of water and use chemicals that pollutes water in rivers when released back to them. 3) What resources, aside from minerals themselves, can be deliver by recycling? Water resources, Forests, 1) What are the major sources of global energy?Hydroelectricity, Wood fuel, oil, and electricity from nuclear- federal agencyed power stations. 2) What are proven-in-place reserves? These the amount of oil that has been estimated to exist in an oil ground/field. 3) What are biofuels, how could they wreak to sustainability? Biofuels are fuels that are extracted from products of plants. The sources of these fuels are renewable thus support sustainability. Reference Shortle, J, Gerrard, D. (2001). Environmental policies for agricultural pollution control. NY CABI.

The Lord of the Rings Essay Example for Free

The Lord of the bandings attemptTo begin describing my tall(a) hotshots we first have to ask ourselves what annoys a hero. Is it alship canal a big, strong alpha male with a squ ar jaw and cocky attitude? I scarcely think so. I feel that a hero is someone who puts others inescapably in front of their hold to complete whatever task is set before them, even though they may have to go bad their life in the process, they keep going. Once in a while you come across a story where the hero not only does not fit into the stereotypical hero status however is as far away from what you expect as you can get. The un resemblingly hero The incredible hero is a hero who never wanted to be a hero. The unlikely hero proves that anyone can make it as a hero. This diamond in the rough disguises his straight potential until tough ms constitute for his aid. He is greatly unsure of himself and often unsure on what to do. He just knows that something has to be done. The betting odds are u sually greatly in favor of the villains and there is much to overcome, both mentally and psychically. My unlikely heroes are Frodo from the Lord of the Rings (Tolkien) and pug from the Riftwar Saga.Both of these unlikely heroes essential overcome great odds to complete quests that are thrust upon them. One, a small hobbit with little knowl adjoin of the world stunnedside of his mob in the Shire, the other, a small orphan boy from the rustic town of castle Crydee. Neither is alert of the dangers that await them or that their lives are about to change forever. Frodo Baggins is a hobbit. Hobbits are short and stocky and do not go out very often. Life outside the Shire does not concern them overly much and they are very content on staying on their own land doing what pleases them.Frodo lives with his uncle Bilbo in his hobbit good deal Bags hold on, a house carved into the side of a hill. Frodo is usually quiet and reserved and does not like to cause a scene. (Tolkien) While livi ng with his uncle Bilbo, Frodo is left in the Shire as heir to Bags End and all of the possessions. This included a magic ring. All Bilbo knew about the ring is that it turned the wearer invisible the true nature of the ring had become lost to history. After keeping the ring hidden for 17 geezerhood the wizard Gandalf came to Frodo to tell him that it is The One Ring of the Dark Lord Sauron and that his agents are searching for it.Gandalf informs Fordo he must take the ring to Rivendell, home of the house of Elrond, an elf lord in secern to keep it out of the hands of the Nazgul, Saurons agents. (Tolkien) At the start of his journey Frodo is joined by his friend and gardener Samwise Gamgee, and his cousins Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Took. They abdicate the shire for Rivendell and roughly instantly they are tracked by the Nazgul, barely escaping. They make it to an inn in the town of Bree where they are joined by Aragorn who helps them escape their next attack and guide the m to Rivendell.Once in Rivendell there is a meeting on what to do about the ring. There are representatives from each flow at the meeting. They come to the conclusion that the ring is to be take downed but an argument ensues on who volition take possession of it to destroy it. Then Frodo volunteers for the task and everyone else takes an oath to protect him on his journey to Mordor to destroy the ring in the fires of hop on Doom. (Tolkien) There are many things that Frodo must overcome in order to complete his task. The ring drives the humans around it mad and they will at long last try to kill Frodo for it.Frodo is excessively hunted at every turn by Orcs and every other being that Sauron has under his control. Frodo eventually has to leave all of his companions behind with the exception of Sam in order to protect the ring from those that manage to use the rings power. Frodo and Sam make their way through Emyn Muil, followed by the creature Gollum. As they finally reached M ount Doom, Gollum reappeared and attacked Frodo, who beat him back. He continued on while Sam fought with Gollum. Having finally reached the Sammath Naur, or divulge of Doom, however, Frodo lost the will to destroy the Ring, and instead put it on, claiming it for himself.Gollum got past Sam and attacked the invisible Frodo, biting onward his finger, and finally regained his precious. As he danced around in elation, Gollum lost his balance and fell with the Ring into the lava. The Ring was thus destroyed, Saurons power lost and his realm ended. Frodo and Sam were rescued by Great Eagles as Mount Doom erupted. (Tolkien) pug-dog is the child of unknown parents, an orphan abandoned at a monastery near Crydee, a town on the north- west more or less coast of the Kingdom of the Isles. As a boy, he is sent to stronghold Crydee and is select by Megar, the castle keeps cook.He grows up there, becoming the closest friend of Megars son, Tomas, becoming almost a brother to him. While gather ing shellfish at age 13, Pug is caught in a storm, his ankle is sprained, and he is charged by a wild boar. He is saved by a franklin named Meecham, who is in the service of the court Magician Kulgan. (Fiest) Kulgan discovers Pugs talent for magic and takes him as his apprentice on Choosing Day. low Kulgans tutelage, Pug makes satisfactory progress in the theory of magic, but finds himself unable to cast spells in the handed-down way.Pug appears to suffer some form of mental block. Kulgan decides that as a foil to Pugs very synthetical mind, Pug is to be taught equestrian skills. This leads to Pug being selected to accompany Princess Carline (daughter of the Duke of Crydee) into the countryside on a ride. During the course of this ride, they are attacked by two trolls Pug manages to defend the princess demonstrating skill first with a sling and then with his unforeseen success in casting a spell, his first of any power. The spell causes the trolls excruciating infliction and th ey drown.Kulgan voices to Pug that this is a skill unheard of in Midkemian magic. Casting this particular spell without a device to strain the power was impossible. Casting the spell in the manner in which Pug did should have caused great pain to himself instead of the Trolls. Upon return to Crydee, Pug earns the gratitude of the Duke and the affection of Carline, Duke Borrics beautiful, but willful, daughter. As a reward for this feat, Pug is made a squire and was granted land, to be held by the crown until the age of majority.Then, mysteriously, the Tsurani invade Crydee. A sour nine year war ensues at the start of which, Pug is captured while helping Kulgan get safely away from a skirmish and taken to Kelewan, kept at first as a inundate slave, cutting timber and pulp for the Tsurani. He is liberated from the swamps by Clan of Tsurani nobles, and instructed to tutor their sons in the ways of the Kingdom. Pug is respected but never allowed to forget that he is nothing but a sla ve.During this time Pug meets and falls for Katala, a slave girl of great beauty and wit, and Laurie, a former Troubador from the Kingdom, most recently a friend and confidant of Pug. However, one day Pugs former training is recognized by a Tsurani Great One. Pug is trained as a Greater Path Magician, and is remarkable in many ways. His outworld status (as well as his former status as slave, enemy and lesser track apprentice) makes him something of a celebrity. Pug is renamed Milamber. Fiest) Pug becomes instrumental in bringing the Riftwar to an end, by destroying the planetary rift amid Kelewan and Midkemia, in an effort to stop the return of the enemy to Midkemia.When the Riftwar ends, Pug is rewarded with the title to the island of Stardock, previously gifted to him by Duke Borric for saving his daughter. It is also revealed that after he had been considered dead, the Duke gave him a name in memorial, adopting him into the ConDoin family, effectively making him an adopted memb er of the royal family. Fiest) Midkemia is very similar to Earth in climate, and its flora and fauna. It has three continents Triagia, Novindus and Winet. It has two oceans, though there are various names for them depending on the continent or nation. The Endless Sea is west of Triagia and is east of Novindus where it is called the Blue Sea. The Sea of Tears is east of Triagia and west of Novindus where it is called the Green Sea. (Fiest) Tolkien prepared several maps of Middle-earth and the regions of Middle-earth in which his stories took place.Some were published in his lifetime, though some of the earliest maps were not published until after his death. The important maps were those published in The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, The Silmarillion, and Unfinished Tales. Most of the events of the First Age took place in the subcontinent Beleriand, which was subsequent engulfed by the ocean at the end of the First Age the Blue Mountains at the right edge of the map of Beleriand ar e the same Blue Mountains that appear on the extreme left of the map of Middle-earth depict in the Second and Third Ages.Tolkiens map of Middle-earth, however, shows only a small part of the world most of the vast lands of Rhun and Harad are not shown on the map, and there are also other continents. (Tolkien) The two unlikely heroes are a lot alike as well as being very different. Pug has many powers he can use later on in the books to help him do what needs to be done. Frodo just has his will and the help of Sam. No matter how hard things became, they both pressed on in order to save their world.

Endometrial Cancer Essay Example for Free

Endometrial Cancer probeEndometrial pubic louse refers to several types of malignancy which arise from the endometrium, or lining of the uterus. Endometrial cancers atomic number 18 the around uncouth gynecologic cancers in the United States, with over 35,000 women diagnosed each year in the U. S. The most universal subtype, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, typically occurs within a few decades of menopause, is associated with excessive estrogen exposure, often develops in the setting of endometrial hyperplasia, and presents most often with vaginal bleeding.Endometrial carcinoma is the third most common cause of gynecologic cancer death (behind ovarian and cervical cancer). A total abdominal hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the most common therapeutic approach. Endometrial cancer whitethorn sometimes be referred to as uterine cancer. However, different cancers may develop not only from the endometrium itself but also from ot her tissues of the uterus, including cervical cancer, sarcoma of the myometrium, and trophoblastic disease.Classification virtually endometrial cancers are carcinomas ( usually adenocarcinomas), meaning that they originate from the single layer of epithelial cells which line the endometrium and form the endometrial glands. There are many microscopic subtypes of endometrial carcinoma, including the common endometrioid type, in which the cancer cells grow in patterns reminiscent of normal endometrium, and the far more aggressive uterine papillary serous carcinomapapillary serous carcinoma and clear cell endometrial carcinomas.Some authorities have proposed that endometrial carcinomas be classified into devil pathogenetic groups1 Type I These cancers occur most commonly in pre- and peri-menopausal women, often with a history of unopposed estrogen exposure and/or endometrial hyperplasia. They are often minimally invasive into the underlying uterine wall, are of the low-grade endometr ioid type, and carry a good prognosis. Type II These cancers occur in older, post-menopausal women, are more common in African-Americans, are not associated with increased exposure to estrogen, and carry a poorer prognosis.They overwhelm the high-grade endometrioid cancer, the uterine papillary serous carcinoma, the uterine clear cell carcinoma. In contrast to endometrial carcinomas, the uncommon endometrial stromal sarcomas are cancers which originate in the non-glandular connective tissue of the endometrium. Uterine carcinosarcoma, formerly called cancerous mixed mullerian tumor, is a rare uterine cancer which contains cancerous cells of both glandular and sarcomatous appearance in this case, the cell of origin is unknown.Signs Symptoms Vaginal bleeding and/or spotting in postmenopausal women Abnormal uterine bleeding, abnormal menstrual periods Bleeding between normal periods in premenopausal women in women older than 40 extremely long, heavy, or frequent episodes of bl eeding (may indicate premalignant changes)Women with stage 1 disease who are at increased risk for recurrence and those with stage 2 disease are often offered surgery in combination with beam therapy. Chemotherapy may be considered in some cases, especially for those with stage 3 and 4 disease. hormonal therapy with progestins and antiestrogens has been utilize for the treatment of endometrial stromal sarcomas. The antibody Herceptin, which is utilize to treat breast cancers that overexpress the HER2/neu protein, has been tried with some mastery in a phase II trial in women with uterine papillary serous carcinomas that overexpress HER2/neu. shaft therapy for endometrial cancer Radiation therapy is the use of high-dose X-rays to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy may be used to treat endometrial cancer after hysterectomy or as the primary therapy, particularly for women who cannot have surgery. The twain types of radiation therapy that may be used to treat endometrial cance r are Internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy), in which radioactive materials (radioisotopes) are placed into the uterus or other areas where the cancer cells are found. impertinent beam radiation therapy, in which radiation comes from a machine outside the body. In brachytherapy, tiny tubes of radioactive material are inserted through the vagina and left in the uterus for 2 to 3 days.Brachytherapy may be done in the hospital or as on an outpatient basis. External beam radiation therapy is usually done in an outpatient treatment center. A typical therapy course is radiation treatments 5 days a week for 4 to 6 weeks. Radiation therapy may cause side effects, including Fatigue. Dryness, itching, tightening, and burning in the vagina. Red, dry, tender, itchy skin. Moist, weepy skin (later in the treatment). Hair loss in the treated area. Loss of appetite. Diarrhea. Frequent and uneasy urination.If surgery is not recommended, radiation therapy alone may be used. Radiation therapy may also be used if more extensive cancer is discovered during surgery. Stage IV Radiation therapy may be used if the cancer is contained in the pelvic region but is usually not recommended if the cancer has broadcast (metastasized) to other parts of the body. Endometrial cancer may recur. Radiation therapy may be used to turn back symptoms and increase comfort. Radiation therapy may cure your cancer if the cancer is confined to your vagina and radiation therapy has not been used before.

Organizational Structures Essay Example for Free

Organizational Structures EssayOrganizations function in varied ways. Each scheme is unique in its own accord and its overall design depends on two main criteria coordination and communication. No matter what structure an organization chooses, the ultimate precede is to achieve coordination between units and exit effectively for graceful decision making and implementation. The current buzz word being the networked economy and organizations, many firms atomic number 18 comely more sophisticated and evolving into more interconnected entities than ever before.It is important however to note that not adept single structure is the most successful one. A firms arrival at a decision to put on a certain structure entails careful analysis of the requirements of the industry it cultivates in. Then scarcely can it steady down which structure suits it best. Dell, based in the US, is a truly global organization. With lead times of regressy ranging in days across the globe, Dell h ad no choice but to adapt a structure which complimented its speedy and lean supply chain.This resulted in them adopting a networked structure as opposed to more traditional in operation(p) setup. The main criterion is not coordination here, but the proper channels of communication which are necessary to deliver information is the cheapest, fastest and most reliable way. Moreover, product life cycles of Dell are shorter than most early(a) products and this again meant a quick supply chain backed by the most efficient communications strategy. Dell has been able to adopt this structure quicker and has grown to an extent which many never expect it to achieve (Sviokla, 2004).Dell does have departments and functions like any other organizations its the method by which they operate which is different. Each function is coordinated and communicates to achieve one primary goal deliver the honorable to the guest in the shortest time possible. By having a networked organization, informati on travels at nearly the speed of light and decisions are thus made in a shorter time. This is what Dell required to stay on top of its contestation in the PC industry and thus, it adopted the best possible structure within the industry. Toyota, based in Japan, is a name of reliability.Their political machines are well known for cost effectiveness and long life. All this was only achieved by the top notch structure that Toyota eventually evolved into over its long history. The work at Toyota is through by divisions teams of individuals in each function operating on assembly lines to produce cars. This along with a just in time inventory approach has enabled Toyota to become a truly global automobile maker and trendsetter in the industry. Till Toyota adopted it, JIT was something that many, especially in the automobile industry, wouldnt dare to emulate.Toyota realise how its inventory, being huge and with long lead times would clog up work space and result in huge costs due to ren tal, obsolescence etc. Thus Toyota did what Dell did but in a different manner, let the supplier remain the owner of the materials until they are needed. This called for not just a good communications setup but an exceptional coordinated effort by the firms various functions as well. A delay in one function meant a halt in the whole firm as each is dependent on the other.Thus Toyota needed a structure which was stable, coordinated and yet, able to communicate well with its suppliers as well as dealers. This came in the form of an organization which was capable of dissipating knowledge throughout its firm effectively and acts upon decisions made quickly (Choo, 2002). This means that Toyota is a matrix organization rather than a functional one which one might think it is at first glance. Secondly, it various factories internationally could be seen as SBUs (Strategic Business Units) working autonomously yet liked to a central point.Referencehttp//www.analytictech.com/mb021/orgtheory.ht m

Construction - Receiving a Brief Essay Example for Free

Construction Receiving a Brief EssayAs the brief was presumption I started to research many existing Sunday accessorys. Research was needed to pee-pee a wagerer understanding as to what techniques and codes are utilise to separate them from other magazines. The conventions that I feature used for my paraphernalia are large pictures, main and sub headings, intensity of lighting on images, medium shots of actress, large quotes, columned interview and a certain(a) re wassailation of the interviewee. After researching quite some depth into the subjoinings I find these codes that were used, all the magazines had used these codes and techniques. I then constructed a hand drawn draft of the layout of my magazine. The layouts of all ternary types of supplements (broadsheet, tabloid, daily) were varied so I chose the most convenient layout of the Sunday times as this had not as well as much text and 2-3 images on a double page spread article. I decided that my supplement wou ld consist of a drive cover, both adverts double page spread article and a limit page.All of the pages have been constructed using many forges and all the following effects plus those added below hawkshaw Type, Eraser, Free Transform, Magic Wand, Copy, Crop, Paste, Airbrush, three different dodge tools. The front cover needed a scream the existing names used were like, Sunday, review, culture etc. I chose a name, which I thought, would describe my supplement and its table of contents so ADVANCE because my supplement tells the facts and reviews before any unmatchable else. I chose to colour the background red as it makes the Oscar stand out. The scanned image of the Oscar was placed to link with the article in case. Tools used were mainly tool type (headings), layer effect ( emboss, for title outer glow for Oscar), gradient (background colour). The second page of my supplement is a idiot rap advert. All the supplements that I researched had entertainment ads such as TVs, hi- fis and DVDs, so I decided to create my own. two original images have been used on TV ad.1. The television 2. The eyes. These were taken with a digital tv camera supplied by the college. The advert is supposed to resemble one of the different adverts that are used in present magazines. Tools mainly used rubber stamp (TV image), eraser (fitting image), layer effect (outer camber for title).My contents page consists of 2 original images 1. The Birmingham based building rotunda 2. The doctor or drunk image. The text on the left side of the page has been used to give an impression that there are all these articles in the supplement, likewise the two images at the bottom and the quotes have been used to give a preview of whats inside. The contents page was shake by The Sunday Times Magazine. Tools, text colour (various colours), free transform (alters image size), outer bevel (sub heading). The double page spread article consists of 5 original images. 1. Actress supposedly holding O scar. 2. Supposed front cover of a mainstream magazine. 3,45. Actress with family in an American home. The mise en scene of the family image was scanned in, but the other two backgrounds were constructed. The technical decision was where my images were going to be placed I decided to integrate them with the text. Tools used, filters (lens flare for flashes effect), emboss (quotes), variations (alter clothes colour). The back advert consists of three original images. 1. The car sign 2. Three views of the car. 3. The supposed box carrying the car. Tools used, pillow emboss (car images and text), blur (edges of box), brightness/contrast (image quality), inner bevel (text) and magic wand (edit certain areas of image), outer glow (gold Lexus). My final product was all constructed on Adobe Photoshop 5.5, for my article I was somewhat to use Microsoft Publisher but it satisfymed to restrict what and how I wanted my final article to look like.Evaluation.I believe that I achieved what the brief had told us. The final took a lot of effort developing this piece of coursework. I think my product does resemble a Sunday supplement as I have used the codes and techniques to make it look like a Sunday supplement. I imagine that if a person would see the layout of my work they would instantly recognize it as a Sunday Supplement. Also the context is quite conventional as are most supplements, the language I have used is moderate and mild. An Oscar was used to give glamorous yet firm look to the supplement also subheadings and intros are few but spaced. The contents page is relatively spaced out this has been done to give a comfortable feel to the indorser. The minuscular issues in the column are about various things from serious youth issues to entertainment such as puzzles and crosswords. I am quite pleased with the adverts that I created these were made after I narrowed checkmate my research to three different newspapers, then I could see overall what similar types of a ds they had.The layout of my article was very difficult, so I chose to create the article into to several paragraphs leaving no spaces in between. This was deeply influenced by The Sunday Times Magazine interview layouts. The pictures in my article are not very hardheaded due to the small experience I have with Photoshop, I could greatly improve on them, and also I could further improve on researching more. Potential buyers would see my newspaper and supplement as one of the established broadsheets, so it would sell to readers of a 20+ group. I used large images to give the reader a stress-free feel, as they wouldnt get frightened by the amount of text. My final product was shown to a substantive audience. The reactions were satisfying as most of them were impressed and agreed that it gave a supplement look and feel, also that they would buy it, if it were on the shelves. Overall I am pleased with my final product and hope that I have achieved what was intended.

Poverty, the Never-ending Disease Essay Example for Free

Poverty, the Never- breaking Disease EssayPoverty is a overlook of goods and services takeed to maintain a minimal tolerable standard of living. The definition of the term adequate varies, however, with the general standard of living in a society and with public attitudes toward deprivation. No university accepted the definition of basic needs exists because poverty is a relative concept. In paltryer countries it means living at the verge of subsistence, while in our country few improvised families confront starvation, although many suffer from undernourishment. Not everyone is born(p) into a life of the rich and glamorous. Those who are fortunate enough know that they are very flourishing to be in their position. Others however are totally in different situations. They need to fend for themselves and having repast is something which ascends only once a day.Malnutrition is the obvious result of not consuming the right amount of food. This result lead to outbreaks of dise ases but in poverty stricken countries on that point are no hospitals to cure this. lacking(p) infrastructure means lacking educational rights. People who are living in poverty natesnot unfold to send their children to school so this will mean an unclear future for their children hence the undernourishment. Furthermore, living in crowded areas, this has a tendency to increase the chances of disease as people are drinking from unsecured sources of water. People around the world are not aware of how immense this issue is and sometimes hesitant to believe the scale that it has risen to. Without understanding the people living at a disadvantage from the rest, there is no cure for the problem. Poverty is not only the problem of the poor, but the rich as well. If the ladened sounds too concentrated and there are too many people at the low end who cant contribute to the cost of society (taxes to maintain infrastructure for instance) and then more of that burden mustiness fall to the wealthy.The wealthy that derive their wealth by selling goods and services to a mass commercialize will be affected if the market dries up because too many individuals are too poor to be able to buy the goods/services. With hints of the invisible hand playing a role in this, its possible that the frugality might not adjust to the buyers and sellers. People suffering from poverty whitethorn become enraged at the disparity between themselves and the wealthy and may express that rage through a violent revolution and redistribution of wealth. Some wealthy individuals may feel concern about such a disparity and choose to give some of their wealth to better the condition of the poor or to second the poor find a way to prosperity. Poverty in the United States has long been a social, governmental, and tender-hearted rights issue.Few people would say that it is not our moral duty, as social human cosmoss to take sustainment of those less fortunate than ourselves, to the best of ou r ability. These types of people have what is called a libertarian. There is really no ad hoc definition of libertarian, but it is associates justice with liberty. In relation to the matter at hand, specifically poverty in America, libertarians are against taxing the affluent or forcing people to aid the starving and poor. One of the virtually important libertarians of our time is Professor Robert Nozik. His guess of justice begins with the dogma that all people have rights, which require that we finish from interfering with others. Other than this we have no responsibility to do anything positive for anyone else, and likewise, they have no obligation towards us.These rights are natural or inalienable because all humans have them and they do not come from any social or political institutions. These rights forbid us from interfering with a persons liberty even if it would promote some general good, or prevent anothers rights from being violated. Overall, the general idea is t hat people have the liberty to live a life free from discussion of others, and can lead their life however they so choose. In addition, he says that if a person acquired their caboodle or possessions without harming, defrauding, or violating the rights of any others, then it is morally permissible to use those things however one wishes. This includes wasting, willing, or endowing the possessions to someone else. Even though many people are dying from starvation and malnutrition, Noziks theory of justice states that one has no obligation to help those people.His theory is summarized as follows 1. A person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in acquisition is entitle to that holding. 2. A person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in transfer, from someone else entitled to the holding, is entitled to the holding. 3. No one is entitled to a holding except by (repeated) applications of 1 and 2. Relating to poverty, libertar ians feel that no matter how the actual distribution of economic holdings may look, if all involved are entitled to the holdings they possess, then the distribution is just. Although Noziks theory concentrates on the just of distribution, Rawls theory of the difference principle can be thought of as the alike(p) concept. The main moral motivation for the Difference Principle is similar to that for unforgiving equality.The overwhelming economic opinion though is that in the foreseeable future the possibility of earning greater income will bring forth greater productive effort. This will increase the total wealth of the economy and, under the Difference Principle, the wealth of the least advantaged (the poor). The inequalities consistent with the Difference Principle are only permitted so long as they do not compromise the fair value of the political liberties. So, for instance, very braggart(a) wealth differentials may make it virtually impossible for poor people to be elected to political office or to have their political views represented. These inequalities of wealth, even if they increase the material position of the least advantaged group, may need to be reduced in order for the first principle to be implemented. The difference principle may be the solution to poverty in the near future, but sadly the idea of strict equality between individuals will be a difficult concept for people to grasp.Capitalism is a system designed to produce for private profit, not for public need. We have gotten as far as we have due to decision-making of corporate boardrooms and placing them under the parliamentary control of the majority that the economy can interpret for our needs. To do that, we need to bring into public ownership the largest 500 corporations and financial institutions. If the assets of these giant companies were under our democratic control, then investment and resources could be democratically controlled by working-class people.Resources would be avail able to address our most pressing social problems and allocated to areas of most need. To achieve this means breaking from giving any support to the twain big-business political parties the Republicans and Democrats. They are both fully implicated in creating the present mess we are in. We need to build a new political party to represent our interests as workers, the poor and young people, and which points a finger at the real villains, the super-rich and the capitalist system.

Personal Nursing Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Personal Nursing Philosophy EssayWe often hear that nursing is an art and a science, and I firmly believe that. The way a nurse blends those aspects of cargon defines the nurse. As nurses, our roles in our uncomplainings lives switch depending on their needs. We are teachers as well as technical experts, and our ultimate goal is to ensure our patients and families are ready to final payment over when the patient no longer requires our take. Why I Chose Nursing I be in possession of accreditn that I wanted to work with children since I was a young child myself. beforehand the age of ten, I thought I might be a teacher.As I enjoyed math and science, several of my aunts, nurses themselves, encouraged me to consider nursing. As a sibling of a disabled child, I was belike exposed to more medical knowledge than average, and I took my first CPR class when I was 8 old age old. I liked the nurses and therapists that worked with my sister, but I also had respect for the teach ers that worked so tirelessly with her. I behind pinpoint the moment I decided that nursing was for me, though it was a long man before I could act on that decision. My sister had contracted hepatitis A at school.That lowered her gaining control threshold enough that she ended up in the intensive trouble unit. As it was winter, I was not allowed to visit her. At ten, I didnt understand the concept of RSV restrictions. I only knew that shed been hospitalized umpteen times and Id always been allowed at her bedside. some(prenominal)how I interpreted that to mean she mustiness be dying, and no one wanted to tell me. I was in the waiting room away the ICU while my m other was in with my sister, crying my heart out. A nurse walking by stopped to ask me what was wrong, and I spilled out my fears to her.She visualizeed my into the unit, telling me that she was going to find a supervisor to go through if she could get permission for me to visit my sister. In the meantime, there wa s a room where I could wait for her. which off-key out to be my sisters room. After failing to get permission for me to visit, the nurse returned to escort me back to the waiting room. Before we left, she took the time to explain the monitors and what they meant, and went over my sisters plan of care and discharge criteria with me. Hugely reassured, I was content to wait in the waiting room. More than thirty years later, that nurses compassion still sticks with me.The Core of Nursing If compassion is at the heart of nursing, knowledge and skill must be its head and hands. Since the earliest days of nursing, the patients environment has been a consideration in their care. Florence Nightingales theory that hydration, nutrition, rest, and a clean environment were infallible to mend (Black, 2007) is a basic principle of nursing today. The world has changed since then, and nursing has changed with it. With every technological advance or new treatment modality, nurses have been called u pon to be more than caretakers. It requires skilled hands to give up the treatments our patients need.Throughout a patients stay, training is a primary responsibility of the nurse. Patients cannot make informed decisions on their care without adequate information. Whether teaching method the relatively simple task of taking medications, or the more complex over band of a chronic condition, it is a nurses duty to make sure the patient and family are trained and prepared to assume care once the patient goes home. The teaching required necessarily varies from patient to patient, and often from day to day in the same patient as he or she moves on the continuum between health and illness.Finally, patients need to be able to count on nurses to be authorities in their field. Nurses must be accountable for remaining competent in their practice, and for continuing their education throughout their move (Killeen Saewert, 2007). Beliefs and Values Patients have needs unrelated to their il lness or injury. Having spent my entire career in pediatrics, often my focus is on developmental needs and what activities can be provided that support normal development. Some needs, however, seem to be universal. The need for play, learning, and social contact are not restricted to children.Meeting the stimulated and psychosocial needs of the patient without compromising the physical needs demanded by the illness or injury is at times a delicate balancing act, and is where the art of nursing meets the science of nursing. By collaborating with our patients and families and respecting their values, a plan can be reached that both supports their needs and involves them in their own care. From a pediatric perspective, the family is an integral part of the healthcare team. Parents are the primary ally and resource in providing individualized care for their child.Even in with child(p) patients, who they are is impacted by the relationships that they have. Serious or chronic illnesse s and injuries affect the entire family. The family, then, becomes the patient, particularly when it is necessary to make lifestyle changes. I have been fortunate enough to work in a teaching hospital for over a decade, on a unit that has a strong sense of teamwork. I have watched residents grow from unsure medical students to capable attending medical students, and have been gratified to precept and instruct new nurses into colleagues that can be relied on.Through we have a varied mix of skill levels, values, and talents, as a team we manage to form a cohesive whole. I count on my nurses to provide outstanding care to their patients, to hold themselves and each other accountable for maintaining high standards, and to support each other as needed. I also count on them for holding me accountable when the minutia of providing care for patients or my nurses gets in the way of my seeing the big picture. In my own life, it has taken me a long while to take charge of my health.I am cur rently working hard to quit smoking, and have recently mixed-up fifty of the extra sixty or so pounds Ive been carrying. Like a lot of nurses, I put off preventative care, and wait too long before seeing a physician when I need to. This disconnect between my professional values and my personal behavior baffles me. I cannot yield my patients and families to view me as an authority on health if I am unhealthy. This year has been one of arduous to bring my own lifestyle into line with my beliefs. Vision for the Future In two years, I pass on have completed my BSN.At that point, I want to take a clinical instructor cast while I pursue my MSN. I seem to have come full circle in what I want to be when I grow up, and combining my love of nursing with my love of teaching seems to be the best of both worlds. In five years, I hope to have completed my MSN. By that time I will have been a clinical instructor for long enough to know if I want to translate that to the classroom or perhaps b ecome a nurse pedagog in an acute setting. I know I love teaching new nurses in my current setting, however Im unsure of whether I would enjoy teaching in an academic setting.In ten years, my goals are much more nebulous and largely depend on whether I have chosen to move to an academic setting or remain in acute care. In both setting, there are always things to learn and opportunities to explore. Someday, I would like to open a medical cling to care facility, though I have doubts about that happening in that time frame. Summary The interest of my professional goals is a long-term plan. I enjoy learning, have the support of my family, and the path to my goals are clearly defined. I am detail oriented, and hope that will help me to reach my goals.As I exsert on this path, each success will pave the way to the next. Time management is an obstacle in my path, as I am currently working two jobs and trying to take care of my family while pursuing my degree. I am still learning how to manage all the demands on my time without reach myself too thin. In addition, I sometimes get bogged down in the details and lose sight of the big picture, and then tend to procrastinate until I find my way again. Fortunately deadlines are in force(p) in making me take a step back and rethink my approach.

Designing lesson plan Essay Example for Free

Designing lesson pattern EssayIntroductionA. BackgroundTo achieve the Content Standard (Standar Isi) in the broadcast which covers the Competency Standard (Standar Kompetensi (SK)) and the Basic Competency (Kompetensi Dasar(KD)), scholars should go through the doctrine and encyclopaedism touch on.educational Ministry Regulation number 41, the year of 2007 to the highest degree the Process Standard states that every school teacher should hit Lesson Plans (Ren goata Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran(RPP)) to foster the teaching and study extremity to be interactive, inspirative, joyful, challenging, motivating the students to participate actively, and giving enough opportunities to them to be innovative, creative and self reliance according to their talents, demands, and corporeal as well as psychological development. finished out this module, the important elements of a lesson visualize pass on be discussed. You are supposed to be competent to implement your knowledge co ncerning language teaching and breeding such as language efficacy, methodology and approaches to extraneous language discipline, media and learning resources, and language discernment in developing lesson programs. By completing of every part presented in this module you will be able to flesh lesson casts which can fulfill the required process measurement mentioned above.B. ObjectiveThrough the elaborations and the interventions of important factors and elements in lesson supply, you will be prepared to be able to carry out the teaching and learning process as requested by the new curriculum (KTSP)C. IndicatorsAfter completing this module you are supposed to be able to 1. state the important elements of lesson planning.2. define the indicators of achieving the basic competencies 3. formulate the objectives of the teaching and learning4. assume relevant learning materials5. plan the corresponds of teaching and learning activities6. assess the students acquisitionsDES IGNING LESSON PLANA. The Concept of Lesson PlanActivity 1Instructions Think about these three principalsDiscuss them how they relate to the lesson planningA lesson plan is a teachers detailed description of the career of instruction for an individual lesson. (Wikipedia, accessed on the 6th of September 2009). The government regulation No. 19, the year of 2005 states that the planning for instructional process covers the sylabus and the lesson plan containing the purpose, learning materials, methodology, the learning resources and the evaluation. Those are the components of a lesson plan. except by the discussion you establish just done, we may conclude that those components could be sumd into three important aspects the purpose of the instruction (question 1), the learning application (question2), and the feedback or evaluation (question3).Based on the ministry regulation, number 41, year 2007, the process standard, it was explained that a Lesson plan is the elaboration of sy llabus which illustrates the teaching and learning activities to achieve the goals of the basic competency. Every teacher who handlings school curriculum, should design a plan completely and systematically to make the teaching and learning interactive, inspirative, joyful, challenging, and be able to spark students to be active, creative, and self reliance, in line with their talent, motivation, their physical and psychological development.This statement is mostly about the teaching and learning activities. Every stage of the lesson should be planned to fulfill the above requirements and make certain that the instructional objectives could be achieved.B. The components of a Lesson PlanActivity 2Instructions Share your experiences with your fri cans for the lesson plans you pay off ever made. Which components do you think is the most difficult to write?A Lesson plan is designed to meet the basic competencies, which can be carried out in one meeting or more. Things that should be write in the lesson plan are as wins1. Identity of the subject matter which consists ofa. Title of the lessonb. kin/ Semesterc. Program (especially for Senior High)d. sourcee. cartridge clip allotment2. Competency StandardCompetency Standard is the qualification of the students minimal ability, which illustrates the mastery of knowledge, attitude, and science obtained through each class or semester for every subject.3. Basic CompetencyBasic competency is a sum of students ability for certain subjects as the reference for determining the indicators for competency achievement in a subject.4. Indicator for competency achievementThe measurable or observable behavior, which shows the achievement of specific basic competency as the reference for the subject evaluation. The indicators for competency achievement are formulated with operational verbs that can be measured which cover the knowledge, attitude, and skills.5. The Instructional goalInstructional goal illustrates the process an d the learning outcome achieved by the students in accordance to the basic competency6. Instructional materialIt includes the fact, concept, principle, and the relevant subprogram, and written as suited items in relation to the indicators for competency achievement.7. Time allotmentTime is allocated as much as unavoidable to achieve the Basic competency and the learning load.8. MethodologyMethods are employ by teachers to create the teaching and learning process to enable the students to achieve the basic competency or a set of undertake indicators. The choice of methods should consider the students slip and condition as well as the characteristics of every indicators and the competency which will be achieved in every subjects.9. edition activitiesa) Pre- activityThis activity is done at the beginning of the lesson and meant for arousing the students motivation and to focuss the students attention as well, so that they can particpate actively during the lesson.b) Whilst acti vityThis is the main learning process and aimed at achieving the basic competency. This activity is conducted interactively, inspiratively, joyfully, chalenging, motivating the students to participate actively, and giving opportunities to the students to have innovation, creativity, and selfreliance in accordance to their talent, motivation, physical and psychological development. This activity is conducted systematically through exploration, elaboration, and conformation processes.c) Post activityThis activity is done to end the lesson which can be in the form of summarizing, evaluation, reflection, feedback , and follow up activities. Stages of Learning Activity 10. EvaluationThe procedure and the instruments for assessment should be based on the indicators for competency achievement and refer to the evaluation standard11. Learning ResourceSelecting the learning resource should concider the competency standard and the basic competency, as well as the learning material, the teachin g and learning activities and also the indicators for competency achievement.C. The Principles of Designing Lesson PlanActivity 3Instructions inquire any English lesson plan you have had. Try to make a judgment for this (excellent, good, or poor) What criteria do you take for consideration?a. Individual differencesConsider the individual differences concerning students level of mastery, interest, motivation, potential, emotion, learning style, special quest, learning speed, socio ethnic background, values, and living environment.b. Fostering students participationThe lesson should be students-focus and fostering, creativity, initiative, inspiration, self reliance, and learning motivation.c. Developing students reading and writing habits article of faith and learning should develop students reading habits on various resources and their ability to express feelings and opinions in different forms of writing.d. self-aggrandising feedback and follow upA lesson plan should include a ctivities which can eliminate positive feedback, reinforcement, enrichment, and remedial.e. Link and mavinLesson plan is designed considering the links and the unity among the competency standard, basic competency, learning material, instructional activities, and indicators for competency achievement, evaluation, and learning resources. Lesson plan should accommodate the thematic instructions, links with other subjects, across the learning aspects, and cultural diversity.f. Employing the information and chat technologyLesson plan is written to foster the use of information and communication technology, integrated, systematic, and effective depending on the situation and condition.D. The Stages of Developing a Lesson PlanA well developed lesson plan reflects interests and needs of students. It incorporates best practices for the educational field. (Skowron, Janice.2006). In Indonesian schooling, the Curriculum of School Level (KTSP) has already been set up by the kernel standard (SK) and the graduation standard (SKL). on that pointfore students should be able to achieve what so called the minimum requirements which have been stated in those 2 documents. The students interest relates to the learning materials and depends on how the learning activity is conducted.Therefore you mustiness employ various kinds of methods and approaches. The use of teaching aids and media may also be inspiring and increase the students motivation. According to the process standard (Educational Ministry Regulation no.41, the year of 2007) a lesson plan is a unit plan which covers one basic competency and the time span may be more than one meeting.But the English curriculum and syllabus developed in the interior(a) standard are directed to follow the 2 cycles (oral and written), and the quad stages (buildingknowledge of the field, model of the school textbook, joint construction, and independent construction). Therefore, English lesson plans should be integrated units whic h may cover more than one single basic competency take heeding and speaking for the oral cycle, reading and writing for the written cycle. Integrating all the four basic skills will also be possible. here(predicate) are the stages of designing an English Lesson Plan Mapping the Competency Standard and the Basic Competency find out the indicators for basic competency achievementSetting up the theatrical roleSelecting the Learning MaterialStructuring the stages of instructionPreparing the assessmentThe flow of a lesson development 1. Mapping the Competency Standard and the Basic CompetencyThis stage is ideally done when designing the syllabus. The Competency Standard and the Basic Competency which can directly picked up from the documents are to be analyzed and put into units. English or language in general has special characteristics which might be different from other subjects. The competency based curriculum developed in the content standard is prepared to teach students the co mmunicative competency which covers the actional competence, linguistic competence, socio cultural competence, and strategic competence.The competencies are interrelated to each other and the core of those four competencies is the discourse competence. (Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi, Bahasa Inggris, 2004) Diagram 5 Model Kompetensi Komunikatif (Celce-Murcia et al. 199510)In general, there four Competency Standards Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing which are states in the documents of content standard (SI), attachment for English subject. Your task is to select the basic competencies which can be combined into unit plans considering the suggested aproach in designing the stages of instruction (four stages in two cycles).Here is examples of mapping the basic competencies Class VII/ Semester 1SK 1 dan 3.KD Listening 1.1 dan KD Speaking 3.1 3.2Merespon makna , melakukan Tindak tutur Menyapa orangutang yang belum/sudah dikenalMemperkenalkan diri sendiri/orang lainMemerintah at au melarangClass IX/ Semester 1SK 5 dan 6KD Reading 5.3 dan KD Writing 6.2Merespon makna dan langkah retorika dan Mengungkapkan makna dan langkah retorika monologdescriptive dan declaim2. Determining the indicators for basic competency achievement.Indicators reflect measurable or observable behavior to show the achievement for the basic competency which will be used as the reference of the assessment. Indicators for achievement should be written by using operational verbs covering the knowledge, attitude, and skills.i.e. knowledge mentioning, interpreting, defining, completing, summarizing, explaining, developing, and so forthtera attitude participating, adjusting, helping, proposing, serving, inspiring, etc. skill expressing, practicing, fixing, arranging, demonstrating, etc.3. Setting up the PurposeEducational Ministry Regulation No. 41, about the Process Standard states that the Purpose of Instruction describes the process and the learningoutcome expected to be achieved b y the students referring to the basic competency. (Tujuan pembelajaran menggambarkan proses dan hasil belajar yang diharapkan dicapai oleh peserta didik sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar).The two aspects you have to include in setting up the purpose are a.The processIt reflects the expected students activities during the lesson. The activities should student centered. The more students involved through out the lesson would be the better. Consider the students motivation, interest, challenge, and creativity. i.e. Listening minimal pair, sound identificatifying, gap-filling, predicting, comprehending etc. Speaking interactive communication activities, role playing, scenario, speech, debating, interviewing, dialogue, etc. Reading scanning, skimming, reading intensively, predicting, classifying, etc. Writing co-operative writing, drafting, analyzing, point writing, programming, listing, revising, reviewing, giving comments, summarizing, etc.b.The learning outcomeIt refers to the achi evement of the basic competencies covering the knowledge, attitude, and skills.i.e. responding message to different kinds of text type. expressing meaning for different kinds of purposes pronouncing, reading aloud etc.4. Selecting Learning MaterialThe learning materials prepared for the lesson plan should be based on the students literacy level performative, functional, or informative. The latest is meant for high school. In performative level, students are taught how to use English to accompany actions, participate in classroom and school interactions, and recognize innocent written English. bandage in the functional level students are supposed to learn to use English to get things done, for endurance purposes (buying and selling, asking and giving permission, making and canceling appointments, read and write simple texts, read popular science, etc.)You have to mobilise that our English curriculum is text based. Therefore we have to select the material according to the sugges ted text type. For third-year high school are descriptive, procedure, recount, narrative, and report. While news item, discussion, explanation, exposition, and review are for senior high school.There are various resources where we can get the learning materials. Any learning material will be applicable as long as they can meet the curriculum requirement of teaching the students for communicative purposes. They might be presented in all types of communication, transactional dialogue, Interpersonal conversation, Informational texts (spoken and written) in the daily life context.For example Transactional conversation giving directions in various contexts (kitchen, street etc.) Interpersonal conversation talking about how to do things nervelessly for the sake of maintaining conversation5. Structuring the stages of instructionThe lesson is carried out through three phases Pre-activity, Whilst-activity, and Post-activity. a. Pre- activityThis activity is done at the beginning of the l esson and meant for arousing the students motivation and to focus the students attention as well, so that they can participate actively during the lesson. b. Whilst activityThis is the main learning process and aimed at achieving the basic competency. This is suggested to follow the two-cycle approach (oral and written) and the four stages of lesson development construction Knowledge of the Field (BKOF), Modeling of the text edition (MOT), Joint Construction of the Text (JCOT), and Independent Construction of the Text (ICOT). This approach is in line with the flow of a lesson mentioned in the process standardexploration, elaboration, and confirmation. Exploration = BKOF engagement = MOTConfirmation = JCOT, and ICOTc. Post activityThis activity is done to end the lesson which can be in the form of summarizing, evaluation, reflection, feedback, and follow up activities.5. Preparing the assessmentAssessment is a method of evaluating student performance and attainment, Microsoft Encart a 2009. This stage focuses on ensuring that your students have arrived at their intended destination and has been formulated as the indicators for competency achievement. For this, you will need to gather some evidence that they have done. You usually can do by gathering students execute and assessing this work using some kind of grading rubric that is based on the indicators. You could also give test to the students on various domains as well. Here are what we have to assess Communication that happens in texts Students ability to create and respond to texts In listening, speaking, reading, and writingThe texts that we may use Spoken Informational texts-Transactional and social dialogues Monologues in the target genresWritten Informational texts Essays in the target genresTest items should not measure the students knowledge on the rules of the language. kind of they should be focus on meanings. The meanings tested are Ideational meaning (isi berita) Interpersonal meaning (tuj uan text, tindak tutur)-Textual meaning (termasuk punctuation) Logical meaning (hubungan logis antar gagasan)6. An Example of a Lesson PlanEngish Version SMP/MTs .Subject English languageClass/Semester VII (Seven) / 1Text types Transactional / InterpersonalTheme Personal LifeSkill ListeningTime allotment 2 x 40 minutesCompetency Standard 1. To understand the meaning of transactional and interpersonal dialogues to interact with the closest environment. Basic Competencies 1.1. To response the meaning in the transactional ( to get things done) and interpersonal dialogue which is used in the simple oral communication accurately, fluently, understandable to interact with the closest environment that involves greeting batch/ friends, self introduction, others, ordering and forbidding somebody. To ask and to forbid. Greeting strangers / familiar peopleIntroducing selves and other people request / forbiddingIndicators for Achievement The students are able toa. response the fount o f hello from the strangersb. response the expression of self introduction.c. response the expressions of other peoples introductions. d. response the comment expression.e. response forbid expression.f. response the expression of hello from the familiar peoplePurpose Through modeling and interactive activities, students can conduct simplecommunication in the transactional and interpersonal dialogues. Learning MaterialsDialogues that uses the following expressions 1. A close morning. How are you ?B intelligent morning. Fine thank you.2. A Hello, Im Nina. Nice to meet youB Hello, Im Renny. Nice to meet you, too3. A Dont do that B No, I wint. Dont use up4. A Stop it B OkVocabularies related to text-type and theme, e.g name, live, address, etc. Verbs live, meet, do, stop, haveTo be is, am, arePersonal Pronouns I, you, we, they, he, she, itStandard expression Good morning Dont worry Thanks Nice to meet you OK How are you ?a. Teaching method/ Strategy Three-phase techniqu eA. Pre- activities doubtfulness and answer about things related to students life Students answer the questions of personnal identityB. Whilst activities1. To discuss new vocabulary of the texts2. To listen some sentences of teachers models3. To guess the meaning and function of sentences produced by teachers 4. To immitate some sentences of teachers pornounciation5. To listen to the dialogue of introductions6. To answer the question of the content of the dialogue.7. To response to the expressions of greeting, introduction, command, andprohibition. 8. To act out the teachers commands.C. Post-activities1. To ask the students difficulties in learning activities. 2. To summarize the learning materials.3. To give students some tasks of using expressions in the real situationLearning ResourcesThe relevant text book ( title, author, publisher, year, page ) Script of dialogues or dialogue recordingThe relevant picturesEvaluationTechnique Responding to the expressions / questions viva vo ce and written . Forms oral questionsTest Items spot I Listen to the expressions and give your response orally Good morning. How are you?.. Hi, Im Reno and you are?.. Are you Anisa?.. Hello, its nice to meet you.. Who is that girl?.. Part II Listen to the expressions and choose the best response, a, b, c or d.1. A Hello, how are you ?B a. Fine, give thanks b. Im Rennyc. Thank you d. Dont worry 2. A Is that your sister, Anna ?B a. Yes, it is b. No, shes not here c. I dont know d. Very well, thanks. 3. A Budi, this is my friend, Susan.B Hi, Susan a. Fine, thanks. b. Its Ok c. Nice to see you d. Im alright 4. A Open the door B a. OK b. Fine b. Finec. Good d. Really 5. A Dont be late to school.B a. Yes, Sir b. No, Sirc. Ok, Sir d. Fine, Sir Scoring guide1. For part I, each overcompensate item is micturated 32. For part II, each correct item is scored 23. Total Score Part I 5 x 3 = 15Part II 5 x 2 = 10TOTAL 254. Maximal score = 105. Students score =Rubrics for Part INo.Ura ianSkorIContent and grammar are correctThe content is correct, grammar is wrongContent and grammar are not correctNo answer3210IIFor every correct answerFor every wrong answer/ no answera20Approved by School Principal English Teacher. RESOURCES FOR LESSON PLAN IDEAS ON THE networkPBS TeacherSourceA large collection of lesson plans, teacher guides, and online student activities correlated to 90 sets of state and national curriculum standards. http//www.pbs.org/teachersource/Best of Education human 2002http//www.education-world.com/best_of/2002/Education World Lesson Planning Centerhttp//www.education-world.com/a_lesson/Education World National Standardshttp//www.education-world.com/standards/national/index.s