New Labours Policy for Childcare

impertinently travails Policy for ChildcargonTitleNew proletariats policies in relation to chelaren and families maintain a boil down upon control of family manner kinda than weathering families. Critic wholey evaluate the statement with reference to at least(prenominal) two insurance polity areasIntroductionThe social policies of any regime are aimed at welfare and protection of individuals and promote economic and social suppuration with the aim of establishing a welfare state (Ellison and Pierson, 1998). Effective social polity also helps individuals to lead a fulfilling lifespan and in turn promotes the harvest-home and change of economies. Bad social policy retards the growth of a region and its individuals and pulls people in pauperisation or social exclusion.In this evidence we discuss the labour authoritiess social policies with regard to families and boorren. We go forth discuss a few major policy areas in tiddlerrens issues and family welfare and be queath critic tout ensembley evaluate whether these new labour organisation social policies are aimed at supporting or unequivocal family life. complaisant Policies Family and Child likeAfter Labours advent to power in 1997, there nourish been substantial pluss in spending on family keeping aimed at helping families with formal child care, early education and work life balance ( beer maker et al, 2005). The three major reforms in this area areTo increase the generosity of and entitlement to nonrecreational (and un stipendiary) m otherhood, paternity andadoption digressTo entitle all 3- and 4- division-olds to salvage part-time babys room education for 12.5 hours per week,33 weeks of the course of instructionTo increase the subsidies for sale to workings parents for spending on formal childcare.We give labours policies on family and childcare as laid down in its pronunciamento for helping families. The key features are given as follows Source Brewer et al. 2005Labours policiesThe main policies are in three areas of family life namely, gestation leave and pay, childcare element of the WTC and free nursery education.Maternity pay Increase pay maternity leave from half a dozen months to nine months in 2007 (329m)Enable the transfer of some paid maternity leave to the father (uncosted)Has set a goal of increasing paid maternity leave from nine months to 12 months by 2010(195m)Childcare element of the WTC Increase the resemblance of formal childcare costs that squirt be claimed from 70% to 80% in 2006 (130m)Free nursery upbringing Free nursery education for 3- and 4-year-olds for 12.5 hours a week, 38 weeks a year from 2007 (200m f) and 15 hours a week, 38 weeks a year by 2010 (300m)The ground of Fiscal Studies (IFS) analyses that labours policies of increasing paid maternity leave from 9 months to 12 months will cost a minimum of 195 ace million million million per year, There are also possibilities of behavioural changes, which whitethorn increase above-inflation clams growth and if this happens, the costs of the reforms will also increase considerably. The IFS further suggests that all main parties are committed to increasing the proportion of formal childcare costs that can be claimed under the childcare element working tax credit from 70% to 80% in 2006 at a cost of 130 million per year. Labour is committed to increasing free nursery education for 3 and 4 year olds to 12.5 hours per week and 38 weeks per year by 2007 and this will cost 200 million per year and if this is increased to 15 hours per week , 38 weeks per year by 2010, this will cost the political relation 300 million per year (IFS calculate, 2005 also externalize Brewer et al, 2005).The Labour government activitys focus on family and childcare policies has been on three areasworklife balancechild care and nursery educationthe affordability of childcare.Since coming to power, Labours emphasis on family issues confirm focused greatly on increased maternity paid leave. The trend has been to increase the right to time off for new mothers and large(predicate) women and to compensate them during this period. The legislations brought into place for implementation of these policies included the occupation Relation arrange (1999) in the first term of Labours power and the Employment Act (2002) in the second term which increased length of fair maternity leave and relaxed employments conditions related to additional maternity leave. Statutory maternity allowance and pay levels were also increased.Issues related to mob expenditure and child care and the influence of parental meagreness affecting children have been major concerns for the government.The government has put lessen child poverty as its focus in improving child welfare policies since 1999 and reduction of child poverty is an important aspect of the domestic policy agenda that has led to increases in childrens usefulnesss and tax assign for families with children. A ccording to Goodman et al(2005), although these increases in tax credits and wins for families help the government to meet proximate policy aims and help go down income base measures of child poverty, by 2004-05 and by 2010-11 it will be questioned whether and how some(prenominal) these financial transfers and benefits have affected measures of well being , especially amend conditions of children despite increase in income.A new measure of child poverty as identified by the Government is natural privation. Studies have exhibitd the relationship between family income and real(a) passing in children and have highlighted how poverty and deficiency influence both parent and child health ( slang Daniel and Ivatts, 1998). However, concussion et al (2005) attempted an analysis of the child benefit system or the CB which is a transfer payment depending on the number of children in the household. The psychoanalyse indicated that Child Benefits do seem to have considerable impact on household expenditure patterns although the cash received as child benefit has been found to be spent not on child assignable goods but disproportionately on alcohol. This obviously is a shocking assemble of data but the governments new policies of relating family income with substantial deprivation or poverty of children withdraws to be analysed beyond just how the benefit system is used.Governments policies towards childcare are aimed at reducing material deprivation due to family economic condition (Berridge, 1999). Information on material deprivation is however often collected as an preference basis for measuring poverty, and poverty measures based on this type of information are often referred to as consensual poverty measures (Goodman et al, 2005). Material deprivation is however a vague term as the absence of current items of consumption in the household is usually described as material deprivation of children. However, governmental definition of deprivation may not be tenable as the presence o certain consumable in the household can be matter of choice or preference.Goodman et al (2005) correctly points out that low family incomes may be a intellect for material deprivation, yet the other possible reasons have to be considered. The government policies of providing increased support on the basis of the number of children in household can also be flawed. Health levels have been found to deepen according to changes in income levels although Goodman concludes that if properly studied, material deprivation can indicate long term measure of family income. Goodman and associates suggest that there is still a lot to do in terms of developing a methodology for analysis of material deprivation which would be consistent with economic conjecture and guided by stricter scientific rules (p.11).Government policies of promoting family welfare and childcare, providing benefits in proportion to the number of children in the household, using family income l evels as a measure of material deprivation and making provisions for increased paid maternity leave and increased nursery care have been criticised as more controlling measures to regulate family life rather than providing support.Hills and Stewart (2005) have criticised New Labour policies as although helpful in reducing child poverty is completely futile in promoting economic equality in society. New Labour has taken poverty issues, especially in children very in earnest and aims to halve this hassle by 10 years and abolish it in another generation. and Hills and Stewart point out, despite these moves, Britain continues to remain an unequal society. A study by LSE suggests that child poverty has been reduced considerably through tax and benefits reforms (also see Berridge, 1999). Yet, although low income families with many children seem to have benefited from the policy, poverty levels among unfruitful adults have reached record levels since Labours policies in 1997. Yet a o ne sided approach is not the only criticism against Labours policies. As claimed by analysts, controlling rather than supporting, by providing benefits to only a social class of people seems to justify the increased resistance of Labours policies regarding family issues and child welfare.In fact, Giullari and Shaw (2005) emphasise that as far as social policy on families and children are concerned, teenage pregnancy has been the subject of attention in recent social policy. Whether teenage parents should get supported lodgement and other kinds of support from the government and the family has been a controversial and problematic issue. The authors suggest in their piece of music that New labours construction of teenage parents admit needs as an issue to be considered is in isolation from support. The paper focuses on family support and suggests that New Labours supported housing strategy ignores its fragile and individualised nature and also tends to disregard teenage parents n eed for independent housing and capacity for autonomous living. New Labour seems to show more control of the teenage parents who are perceived to be at risk of welfare dependency rather than a unquestionable concern for support. The paper argues that if New Labour is to show genuine support to teenage parents, then providing independent housing to these parents should be a first-string strategy.ConclusionNew Labours policies seem to have laborious on abolishing child poverty, maintaining family as a unit, providing increased maternity paid leave, and implementation of legislation that seem to support governmental decision on family issues. The families with more children are given many benefits and financial support whereas the childless adults seem to have been neglected and show record levels of poverty or loss in income with no government help after Labour came to power. Abolishing child poverty by focussing on income levels of family that apparently seems to break material d eprivation again seems to be a flawed policy biased in judgement. This is because material deprivation of children, an issue taken seriously by the government may be a question of in-person choice and preferences and some children who are provided with certain consumables may not need certain others. This policy thus seems to be flawed as the government may not be the right institution to decide material deprivation in children and stress the separation of children into deprived or non-deprived categories based on assessment of family income levels. Finally we have discussed the direct control of government in issues of teenage parents to prevent them from taking benefits from the government which suggest that arguments against government control in social policy initiatives with regard to child and family issues may just be valid.BibliographyAllan G Crow G (2001),Families, Households and night club.Basingstoke.PalgraveBerridge D. 1999,Child benefit in England Problems, Promises and Prospects,International Journal of genial Welfare,Volume 8,Number 4, October 1999, pp. 288-296(9)Blackwell PublishingLaura Blow, Alissa Goodman, Greg Kaplan, Ian stroller and Frank Windmeijer, 2005,How important is income in determining childrens outcomes? A methodology review article of econometric approaches,Mimeos , IFS publication. August.Laura Blow, Ian Walker and Yu Zhu, 2005,Who benefits from Child Benefit?,Mimeos, IFS publicationMike Brewer, Claire Crawford and Lorraine Dearden, 2005, share families childcare, early education and the work-life balanceElection Briefing Notes, IFS publicationDaniel P and Ivatts J (1998),Children and Social Policy,MacmillanFox Harding, L (1997),Perspectives in Child Care,Longman second ed.Ellison N. Pierson C. (1998),Developments in British Social Policy.MacMillan.Garatt D, Roche J Tucker S (1997), changing Experiences of Youth.London. SageGiullari , S and Shaw, M (2005),Supporting or controlling? New Labours housing strategy for teen age parents, slender Social Policy, Vol. 25, No. 3, 402-417Alissa Goodman and Michal Myck, 2005,Parental income and child outcomes what can we learn from material deprivation?Mimeos, IFS publicationJohn Hills and Kitty Stewart,A More Equal Society? New Labour, Poverty, Inequality and Exclusion,The Policy Press, 2005Muncie, H, Wetherall, M, Langan M, Dallos, R Cochrane, A (1997),Understanding the Family, outspoken University PressCarol Smart Equal shares rights for fathers or recognition for children? Critical Social Policy, Nov 2004 24 484 503.Websiteswww.childpoverty.orgInstitute for Fiscal Studies website.www.ifs.orghttp//www.ifs.org.uk/publications.phpwww.childrights.org.ukwww.sosig.ac.ukhttp//www.labour.org.uk/familiesandchildren04New Labour report LSEhttp//www.lse.ac.uk/collections/pressAndInformationOffice/newsAndEvents/archives/2005/John_Hills_NewLabourReport.html

John Lockes Philosophy Of Education Philosophy Essay

John Lockes Philosophy Of schooling Philosophy EssayAll the objects of the appreciation are described as ideas, and ideas are spoken of as beingness in the look. Lockes first problem, indeed, is to trace the origin and history of ideas, and the way in which the under(a)standing operates upon them, in order that he may be fitting to see what companionship is and how far it reaches.In the first book of the Essay, on the subject of infixed ideas, Locke points to the variety of human experience, and to the difficulty of work oning oecumenic and vellicate ideas, and he ridicules the view that any such ideas can be mention to experience. All the parts of our knowledge, he insists, film the aforesaid(prenominal) rank and the alike history regarding their origin in experience. All our ideas, he says, come from experience. The sagacity has no innate ideas, but it has innate faculties it perceives, remembers, and combines the ideas that come to it from without it to a fault desires, deliberates, and testaments and these cordial locomoteivities are themselves the source of a new class of ideas. Experience is therefore twofold. Our observation may be employed either about out-of-door sensible objects, or about the internal operations of our caputs. The former is the source of most of the ideas which we have, and, as it depends wholly upon our senses, is c whollyed sensation.John Locke was a great gentilityal activity on several counts. In an immediate sense he was himself a practitioner and publicist of level-headed education. This writing assignment is concerned with his biography, his ism of education, his advice to parents on the upbringing of their children, his philosophy of curriculum.BiographyLockes father, who was also named John Locke, was a country lawyer and clerk to the Justices of the Peace in Chew Magna, who had served as a captain of cavalry for the Parliamentarian forces during the early part of the English civil War. His m so me other, Agnes Keene, was a tanners daughter and reputed to be genuinely beautiful. Both parents were Puritans. Locke was born on 29 August 1632, in a small thatched cottage by the church in Wrington, Somerset, about twelve miles from Bristol. He was baptized the same day. In 1647, Locke was sent to the prestigious Westminster School in London under the sponsorship of Alexander Popham, a member of Parliament and former commander of the young Lockes father. After completing his studies there, he was admitted to Christ Church, Oxford.Locke was awarded a knight bachelors ground level in 1656 and a masters degree in 1658. He obtained a bachelor of medicine in 1674, having studied medicine extensively during his magazine at Oxford and worked with such noted scientists and thinkers as Robert Boyle, Thomas Willis, Robert Hooke and Richard Lower.Locke fled to the Netherlands in 1683, under sozzled suspicion of involvement in the Rye Ho function Plot, although there is lilliputian evide nce to suggest that he was directly involved in the scheme. In the Netherlands, Locke had term to return to his writing, spending a great deal of time re-working the Essay and composing the Letter on Toleration. Locke did not return plate until after the Glorious Revolution. Locke accompanied William of Oranges wife back to England in 1688. The bulge out of Lockes publishing took place upon his return from exile his aforementioned Essay Concerning homosexual Understanding, the Two Treatises of Civil G everywherenment and A Letter Concerning Toleration all appearing in quick succession.He died in 28 October 1704, and is conceal in the churchyard of the village of High Laver east of Harlow in Essex, where he had lived in the ho pulmonary tuberculosishold of Sir Francis Masham since 1691. Locke never married nor had children.Philosophy of EducationAlthough the Thoughts was most immediately concerned with education, by far the most classic of Lockes writings, and one which had gre at significance for education, was the Essay concerning human understanding.Locke abandoned the tackle to make two unlike things influence each other. He begins his intellection with the thesis that the mind is a sort of blank tablet upon which the area of matter writes by means of sensations. This mind does not have innate or inborn ideas, but it does have the power to arrange impressions in such a way as to produce a reconciled system of thoughts. Mind and personify, for Locke, exist as real things, but they interact. Bodies act upon the mind and produce sensations.Ideas or perceptions of many of qualities of external objects are immaculate copies of qualities that actually reside in the objects, Locke said. This is what he means. Think of a basketball. It has a certain size, shape, and weight, and when we look at and handle the ball, our sensory apparatus provides us with accurate pictures or images or ideas or perceptions of these primary qualities, as Locke called them.L ockes surmise According to Locke, when we say, we are looking at an external object, what we are truly doing is attending to the perceptions or ideas of the object in our mind. Some of these perceptions, such as those of a basketballs size and shape, accurately represent qualities in the object itself. other perceptions, such as those of the basketballs color do not represent anything in the object.Lockes purpose was to examine the nature and extent of human knowledge and the degree of assent should be given to any proposition. Lockes alternative image of the mind as a white paper void of all characters (Essay, 2.1.2) has practically been interpreted as meaning that all human beings start as equals. Locke did not believe this on the contrary, he was conscious that the differing personalities and rational and somatic capacities of individuals were to some extent a product of nature earlier of nature.How was knowledge acquired? How might men come to universal agreement? To this I answer, in one ledger, from experience (Essay, 2.1.2). But experience itself, gained via the senses, was not sufficient of itself for knowledge. That also required the active agency of mind upon such experience.Follow a child from its birth and observe the alterations that time makes, and you should find, as the mind by the senses comes more than and more to be furnished with ideas, it comes to be more and more awake thinks more, the more it has matter to think upon. After some time it begins to know the objects, which being most familiar with it, have made long-lasting impressions. Thus it comes, by degrees, to know the persons it daily converses with, and distinguishes them from strangers which are instances and effects of its flood tide to retain and distinguish the ideas the senses convey to it (Essay, 2.1.22).The senses at first let in particular ideas, and furnish this yet empty cabinet and the mind by degrees growing familiar with some of them, they are lodged in the m emory, and names got to them. afterwards the mind, proceeding further, winds them, and by degree learns the use of general names. In this carriage the mind comes to be furnished with ideas and language, the materials about which to exercise its discursive faculty. And the use of reason becomes daily more visible, as these materials that give it employment increment (Essay, 1.2.15).It must be admitted that Lockes derivation of all ideas ultimately from experience is not without its difficulties. Though, for Locke, experience embraced both sensation and reflection, clearly there are hearty qualitative differences between the simple sensations of infants, and the complex and abstract reflections of the mature big(a) mind. One way of attempting to resolve such difficulties is to recognize that Locke envisaged ideas of different types.Parents and childrenHis medical exam knowledge contributed to a concern for the physical, as well as the mental and spiritual, well-being of childre n. He was not only a founder of trial-and-error thought, with all that meant for ways of learning, but he also may be counted as a pioneer of scientific psychology. He believed in the splendor of observing children, and of tailoring education to their needs and capacities. Thus his views on great deal of open air, exercise and sleep plain diet, no wine or strong drink, and very little or no physick (Thoughts, s.30) would command general support today, though his advice on toughening the feet by wearing thin or leaky shoes so that gentlemans sons might acquire the ability, if necessary, to go unshod as the poor do, might seem to be somewhat harsh.(Thought, s. 8). nutrition for children, according to Locke, should be plain and wholesome, with sugar salt and spices used sparingly. From the body Locke turned to the mind. He believe that parents should personally exercise firm and near authority over their children from an early age, with a view to relaxing this as they grow older. Fear and awe ought to give you the first power over their minds, and love and friendship in riper years to hold it (Thoughts, s.42). Locke criticized the over-indulgence of little children, and abhorred indomitable crying on their part, but had little use of any form of physical chastisement.He advised parents and tutors to their children and to note their dispositions and dislikes for a child will learn three time as much when he is in tune, as he will with double the time and pains, when he goes awkwardly, or is dragged unwillingly to it (Thoughts, s.74). Toys should be simple and sturdy, possible fashioned by the children themselves, rather than expensive and fragile.The curriculumLocke had an overall view of the curriculum which was coupled with direction methods. He believed in starting with the plain and simple, and of building, as far as possible, upon childrens existing knowledge, of emphasizing the interconnections and coherence of subjects.Children should be taught to re ad at the earliest possible age-as soon as they can talk. But the learning should not be irksome on the contrary, Locke believed that it would be better to lose a whole year rather than to give a child an annoyance to learning at this early stage. Locke commented upon how much energy, form and repetition children mirthfully put into play, and therefore suggested dice and play-things with the letters on them, to pick up children the first rudiment by playing (Thoughts, s.148). From letters they should proceed to syllables and then to lite and kind books, such as Aesops Fables, preferably in an edition which allowd pictures. Locke advocated the use of pictures of animals with the printed names to them (Thoughts, s.156). In recognition of the difficulties inherent in such inwrought learning as The Lords Prayer, Creeds and Ten Commandments, Locke recommended that these should be learned not from the printed word but orally and by heart. Locke warned against the use of the Bibl e as a reading book for children, a most common practice in this day, for what pleasure or encouragement can it be to a child to exercise himself in reading those parts of a book, where he understands nought? (Thoughts, s. 158).Writing should begin with correct holding of the pen and the copying of Brobdingnagian letters from a sheet. Writing would lead naturally to drawing, with due management to perspective, a most useful skill for those who would engage in travel, so that buildings, machines and other interesting phenomena might be quickly sketched. Locke believed that a good drawing was more useful in conveying an idea to the mind than several pages of written description. Locke also urged the value of shorthand for the purpose of fashioning quick notes. Other subjects which Locke commended for a gentlemans son included geography, arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, chronology, and history, and generally in that order.Lockes influence on contemporary education in CambodiaAs we have known that John Locke is a great philosopher so his philosophies influences other countries include Cambodia as well. His education that influences on contemporary in Cambodia is that nowadays in Cambodia kindergarten we use John Lockes education such as we include pictures and fables to teach students. In these stages, teachers teach students by describing and explaining that why Locke recommended. But what we concern is that some Cambodian teachers commonly teach students what they have without giving time to students to practice or do the experiment. Moreover, students themselves rarely use their sensations correctly to know the facts. They usually believe that their teachers teach them. It means that what their teachers teach them they just require knowledge from their teachers. These points we should change the bad habit. So teachers have to teach students to use the senses how to acquire knowledge because Locke said that our knowledge comes from experience through sensat ion. On the other hand, some students are poor they cannot eat healthy food so that why it is a little bit different from what Locke has recommended. Locke purpose is that he wants children to eat healthy food so when children have strong health they will study more effective.ConclusionIn conclusion, Lockes philosophy is very good because he wants all people to know the facts by use experience through sensations. As we have known, something around us is abstract therefore we need to find the truth and reality. As Locke has mentioned above education is very important for all people. So, not only people in other countries but also people in Cambodia parents have to enchant their children to study at schools. It is a good reason that children are easy to acquire knowledge when they are children because in this stage John Locke held that at birth the human mind is a blank slate, empty ideas. In contrast, if parents don not send them to study it means that their children will be poor at knowledge. At last, Locke said that the goal of education is the wellbeing and prosperity of the nation- Locke conceived the nations welfare and prosperity in terms of the personal ecstasy and social usefulness of its citizens.

Non Hodgkins Lymphoma: Types, Causes and Symptoms

Non Hodgkins Lymphoma Types, Ca subroutines and SymptomsLymphoma is a compositors case of genus Cancer that affects the lymphatic sy arrest. Lymphoma is divided into cardinal types called Hodgkins lymphoma and non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Non-Hodgkins lymphomas (NHL) argon a range of infirmitys uphill from clonal proliferation of lymphocytes which is a type of white blood cells resulting in crabmeat or tumour formation of lymphatic system.1An estimated 8,000 tonic cases of NHL has been diagnosed annually in the United Kingdom at the end of the 20th century.2 NHL is a usuals hematologic malignancy and ranked eighth as the most common malignancy.2 Male has 1.5 dates likelihood than female from being diagnosed with NHL. From the aboriginal seventies, cases of NHL hasten increase by threefold for twain(prenominal) male and female end-to-end many countries beface United Kingdom.2 In 2007, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) ca employ 4,533 deaths in United Kingdom. Males and females sh b e almost kindred number of deaths entirely males has higher(prenominal) age standardized mortality reckon aim. in measure, non all longanimouss die from NHL as infections may be whiz of the causes. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma has 53% overall 5- family relation tolerate survival in an analysis3 conducted over 22 European countries with age adjusted figures 48% in men and 54% in womean. In Scotland, the total number of diagnosed non-Hodgkins lymphoma cases from 1990-1994 were 1,598 for men and 1,708 in women. The percent of age standardized survival rate for forbearings diagnosed after nonpareil year and five years with 95% confidence interval were 63.5 (61.1-66.1) and 41.0 (38.2-44.0) respectively.3NHL has no found cause factor and mass diagnosed with NHL have no know take chances factors. However, NHL drop be associated with degenerative inflammatory diseases such as rheumy arthritis, coeliac disease, and Sjgren syndrome.4 Study by Lens and due north-Bishop show familiarity amongst NHL and cutaneous melanoma.5 to a fault that, the risk of ontogeny NHL increases with chronic infection from viruses and bacterium such as Epstein-Barr virus, human T-lymphotropic virus 1(HTLV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).2 thither was a strong link between Burkitt lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus6 art object adult T-cell lymphoma crumb be ca utilize by HTLV-1.7 It has been noned that prevalence of NHL was higher in people with HIV infections compargond to healthy adults.8 One study conducted by Stolte et al9 showed that in that respect was association between Helicobacter pylori infection and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue ( malted) lymphomas. It has in addition been noted that pristine effusion lymphomas cornerst champion be associated with human herpes virus while ocular adenexal lymphomas goat be associated with Chlamydia psittaci.10 Moreover, recite has shown association between lienal or orotund cell lymphomas and hepatitis C infections.11 The risk of developing NHL increases when a person was immunocompromised such as undergoing organ transplant12 or patients with assist and autoimmune diseases. Certain chemotherapy drugs and radiation may increase the risk of developing NHL within 10 to 15 years after intervention.4 Solvents, pesticides and other chemic factors have also been associated with causes of NHL.2DiagnosisIn this case, a male patient has been recently diagnosed with NHL but the type of NHL and pathology were unconfirmed. Lymphoma burn be divided into two types purposeless and militant. Indolent lymphomas such as follicular, marginal geographical zone and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma13 are commonly accompanied by slow, progressing and painless peripheral lymphadenopathy. There cleverness be history of patients with en macrod lymph nodes before regressing without diagnosis made. These spontaneous regressions of lymph nodes may occur, preventing biopsy diagnostic test from being do and patient was distributeed for an presume infection. It is uncommon to see essential extranodal lymphoma or systemic symptoms occurring at previous(predicate) set ups but arse be encountered as disease progresses. Examples of systemic B-symptoms are fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Indolent lymphoma digest undergo histologic faulting or changes to a unlike, more scrappy usually large-cell lymphoma type. Indolent lymphomas are usually slow growing and it may respond to manipulation but relapse tend to occur frequently.14Aggressive lymphomas such as string out large B-cell lymphoma are different from unoccupied with most patients contributeing with lymphadenopathy or liaison of extranodal sites. Common extranodal sites affliated are gastrointestinal tract, skin, bone marrow, sinuses, thyroid, or central spooky system. It is usual to see presence of systemic B-symptoms in a ternary of patients with combative lymphomas. Aggressive lymphomas are fast growing and are t reatable than purposeless lymphomas.14NHL has been hard to diagnose and recognizing people that has high risk of NHL is difficult. Patient can only be identified correctly after development of lymphadenopathy or other symptoms link to NHL. Even though with the advancement in image techniques, histology is mandatory to confirm diagnosis of NHL type before progressing to give-and-take. It is common to use surgical biopsy any by incisional or excisional with latter being recommended to fork up biopsy specimens to be reviewed by hematopathologists. The morphologic appearance obtained with special instruction from immunophenotype, genetic science and clinical features were thusly utilize to classify NHL with clear clinical unit. These were the cornerstone for World wellness Organization (WHO) (Table 1) classification of neoplastic diseases arising from hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Fine-needle aspiration or large bore-needle biopsies can also be employ to diagnose NHL but was discourage for initial diagnosis collectible to obstacle in confirming a specific diagnosis.15Table 1. World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of non-Hodgkins lymphomas.15B-cell neoplasms herald B-cell neoplasmPrecursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) get (peripheral) B-cell neoplasmsB-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphomaB-cell prolymphocytic leukemiaLymphoplasmacytic lymphomaSplenic marginal zone lymphomaHairy cell leukemiaPlasma cell myeloma/plasmacytomaExtranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of unconscious processNodal marginal zone lymphomaFollicular lymphomaMantle cell lymphomaDiffuse large B-cell lymphomaMediastinal large B-cell lymphomaPrimary effusion lymphomaBurkitts lymphoma/Burkitt cell leukemiaT-Cell and NK-Cell NeoplasmsPrecursor T-cell neoplasmPrecursor T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemiaMature (peripheral) T-cell neoplasmsT-cell prolymphocytic leukemiaT-cell granular lymphocyti c leukemiaAggressive NK-cell leukemiaAdult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (HTLV-1)Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal typeEnteropathy-type T-cell lymphomaHepatosplenic T-cell lymphomaSubcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomaMycosis fungoides and Szary syndromeAnaplastic large-cell lymphoma, T/ cypher cell, primary cutaneous typePeripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecifiedAngioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomaAnaplastic large-cell lymphoma, T/null cell, primary systemic typeMALT, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue NK, natural killer. cite Data from Zelenetz and HorwitzLymphoma has been categorized into plays following modified Ann Arbor Staging governing body (Table 2) originally demonstrable for Hodgkin disease. This system as shown in table 2 was found on area of elaborateness, presence or absence of extranodal involvement and B symptoms such as weight loss more than 10% of body weight, fever, and drenching night sweats.15Histology and morphology of lymphoma largely determined the inte rcession outcome and prognosis. Due to different outcomes of patients with lymphoma and limitation of clinical staging, International symptom index finger (IPI) (Table 3) was unquestionable from 2,031 patients with 5 independent, easily obtained clinical features such as patient age, Ann Arbor exemplify, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, number of extranodal sites and performance positioning to predict survival. The IPI (Table 3) served as a guide for clinical management, clinical effort design and interpretation. However, this IPI was designed for aggressive lymphoma. Thus, the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) (Table 4) was developed from 4,167 patients for sluggish lymphoma with clinical features such as patients age, Ann Arbor stage, haemoglobin level, number of nodal areas and serum lactacte dehydrogenase level. Examples of nodal areas are cervical, para-aortic, inguinocrural, celiac and other ancillary nodal sites. FLIPI can help determine mo mentously different mortality risk of patients with indolent lymphomas and improve decision on different aggressive therapy options that may gain ground certain patient groups.15TreatmentNon-Hodgkins lymphoma can be treated by a range of treatments available such as irradiation therapy / radiotherapy, mental process, stem cell transplant, iodine-agent or faction chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radioimmunconjugate therapy. Treatments can consist of one or a combination of the options available with different treatments having different duration and doses. In this case scenario, the patient was recently diagnosed with NHL. Due to the lack of information, NHL diagnosed can be assumed to be either indolent lymphoma or aggressive lymphoma. Being 28 year old, patient was eligible for more aggressive treatment compared to patients aged 60 and above.16Indolent LymphomaIndolent lymphomas such as follicular lymphoma and MALT lymphoma were not treated at early stages if there were no symp toms present with doctors adopting watch-and- turn back approach. In a study conducted by fraction of Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, 43 patients with follicular lymphoma stage I or stage II were observed after deferment of radiation due to a variety of reasons. After a median of 86 months of follow-up, 63% had not been treated and survival was almost the same to the patients that has undergo radiation.17 In this situation, ototoxic side cause of treatments should be considered against the advantages of undergoing treatments. Patients with low grade, stage I-II NHL lymphoma with localized disease can be treated either with surgery18 or radiation therapy. actinotherapy therapy as shown in a study conducted by Stanford University can be used to treat curb stage, low grade lymphomas of 177 patients with good r disclose rate.19 Another study conducted on 103 patients with stage I and II MALT lymphoma showed 77% disease-free survival rate with radiotherapy.20 Surgery can be done in situations where low grade MALT lymphoma is localized and there is a risk of perforation but if the lymphoma progresses to a more advance stage, then surgery no longer present as counterbalance line treatment.21 As lymphoma mainly affects systemic system, surgery is normally used to establish diagnosis. Besides that, stem cell transplant can be used to treat NHL but was limited to younger patients and difficulty in determination of the time to treat patients. A study on autologous stem cell transplant after high dose therapy showed higher response rate compared to immunochemotherapy.22Chemotherapy options for indolent lymphomas ranged from single-agents such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil or doxorubicin to combinations such as cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (CVP)23 chemotherapy. More aggressive combination of chemotherapy that combines cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone ( cut) can also be use. In a study conducted in 228 stage III or IV follicular lymphoma patients that were treated randomly either with cyclophosphamide, a less toxic single agent or combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and bleomycin ( chopper-B) showed no initial advantage to combination treatment eventhough in an unplanned subgroup analysis showed improved disease control and survival.24Cyclophosphamide is a north mustard alkylating agent that acts by causing DNA damage and intercede with cell replication. Besides fatigue, nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression and alopecia that were normally associated with antineoplastic treatment, prolonged use of cyclophosphamide might result in severely affected gametogenesis.25 Chlorambucil has uniform mechanism of action to cyclophosphamide with lesser side make but development of widespread rashes may occur.25 Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic, anthracyclines antibiotic drug that acts by intercalating DNA. Common side personal effects are present with addition al electromotive force cardiomyopathy and severe tissue necrosis due to extravasation when administering doxorubicin. vincristine is a vinca alkaloids and act by depolymerising microtubules and thus inhibiting mitosis. It may not have operative myelosuppression along with other common side effects but may cause neurotoxicity and severe tissue necrosis due to extravasation.25 Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted in liver to prednisolone that has a marked antitumour effect in NHL. However, it may cause immunosuppression, adrenal gland suppression, mood and behaviour changes, gastro-intestinal effects with mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid side effects. Bleomycin is a cytotoxic antibiotic that is metabolized to produce superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals which results in DNA damage. However it can cause skin pigmentation and dose related pulmonary fibrosis.26In addition to chemotherapy, immunotherapy is becoming a standard treatment for indolent lymphoma. Rituximab is a re combinant chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets protein CD20 which is primarily found on the surface of malignant and normal human B cells involved with B-cell proliferation and differentiation. It is verbalize to induce programmed cell death of CD20 cells.25,26 Rituximab was generally well tolerated when used compared to other conventional chemotherapy with distinct simplification of haemotological events like severe neutropenia and associated infections.27 Studies28,29,30 conducted on the usage of rituximab for recently diagnosed follicular NHL as single first line therapy showed good response rates roughly 52% to 73% and a 12-month progression free survival. Rituximab can be combined with chemotherapy such as chop shot as whoop-R to treat indolent B-cell lymphoma. The attempt of chop up vs hack on-R31 conducted in 1999 showed 95% overall response rate for CHOP-R with 55% achieving complete remission and 40% in wear outial remission. humanitarian of cytokines such as interferon 32, interleukin 233, and interleukin 1234 to rituximab therapy conducted in studies shown that good qualification profile can be obtained but further studies need to be conducted to confirm. Interferon has antitumour therapeutical effect but is not side effect free with additional myelosuppression, ocular side effects, cardiovascular problems, hypersensitivity on top of common anticancer side effects. Interferon- can be incorporated into chemotherapy as a innovative approach in treating NHL. Incorporation of interferon- into anthracycline-containing has been demonstrated to increase the remission rate and remission duration. However the data has not been conclusive and further information must be obtained before making it as standard treatment. German Low Grade Lymphoma Study Group has been conducting runnel with continuous higher dose interferon maintenance therapy yield 45% relapse-free patients.35Besides rituximab, Food do drugs Administration in United States ha s approved two anti-CD20 radioimmunotherapy agents iodine I 131 tositumomab36 and yttrium Y 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan37 for treatment of lymphoma. Both agents contain murine antibodies that target CD20 with -emitting radioisotopes but iodine I 131 tositumomab can also emit gamma radiation. Both liquid cause side effects although milder with significant one being myelosuppression. University of Michigan conducted a contour II trial where 76 patients were given treatment of iodine I 131 tositumomab as initial treatment for follicular lymphoma and resulted in 75% of complete response and 95% of overall response.38 Yttrium Y 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan has been shown to be effective when used in consolidation therapy after rituximab39 or in relapsed/refractory B-cell NHL.40 Radioimmunotherapy was deemed kick downstairs than radiotherapy due to prevention of normal tissues from being exposed to radiation and systemic radiation can be achieved to cognize and unknown tumour cells.There is an other emerging schema to counter low-grade NHL by administering vaccine to boost patients immune system which leads to tumour rejection by patients body. Trials conducted showed promising results among relapsed patients following chemotherapy with prolonged disease free progression and overall survival. This strategy has not been approved by FDA but personalized vaccine therapy has been true positively in its effectiveness as first line in countering slow progressing NHL. Vaccine therapy was deemed too slow for aggressive NHL but trials were current to determine its efficacy.41The management of indolent NHL have to depend on considerations such as symptoms, age, comorbidities, extent of disease, prior therapy and others. Most decisions on management of indolent NHL depend on physicians trying to optimize the treatment options to treat this chronic illness.15Aggressive LymphomaAggressive NHL consist mainly of diffuse large B cells demands almost similar treatments to indolent lym phoma. As explained above, radiotherapy is one of the options available. The early treatment for early stage aggressive NHL was radiotherapy exclusively with relative cure rates of 50% for stage I and decreases to 20% for stage II. Therefore, combination of radiotherapy and a chemotherapy diet were used to improve the chances of survival for aggressive NHL patients. A study conducted among 400 patients with localized immediate or high grade NHL compared the results of one group receiving 8 cycles of CHOP just and another receiving 3 cycles of CHOP and radiotherapy. The study showed patients under combined CHOP and radiotherapy has statistically significant overall survival rate than patients receiving CHOP alone. Life-threatening side effects that were encountered by twain groups were statistically significant in comparison with fewer patients under combined CHOP and radiotherapy woeful from adverse effects. Therefore, combination of CHOP and radiotherapy are weaken for treatm ent of localized NHL compared to CHOP alone.42There was another alternative treatment available for patients with aggressive NHL called high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplant (HDT ASCT). A number of trials among intermediate and high risk patients have been conducted to determine its efficacy following initial chemotherapy but there were conflicting results resulting in this treatment for not being first-line.43Combination therapy has been known to be better than single therapy and used to increase the percentage of patients entering complete remission. In 1976 and 1980, CHOP feed44 as explained above and COMLA diet45 which includes cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate with leucovorin rescue, and cytarabine were promulgated respectively. Both regimens have been shown to present a possible cure rate of approximately 30% for patients with aggressive lymphoma achieving long-term remission. In the ensuing years, new second and third generation of aggressive NHL regimens showed 55% to 65% patients being cured. An example of second regimen treatment was m-BACOD consisting of methotrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphasmide, vincristine, and dexamethasone.46 Third generation regimens were such as MACOP-B made up of methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone and bleomycin47 and ProMACE-CytaBOM compromising prednisone, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine and methotrexate.48 The effectiveness of all these regimens were not known as many of these studies were conducted with relatively small number of patients until 1993, a trial called national high priority intergroup Phase III was held to do a comparison between CHOP, MACOP-B, ProMACE-CytaBOM and m-BACOD regarding effectiveness and side effects.49 The four regimens demonstrate akin outcomes but CHOP showed the lowest side effects. Based on this trial, CHOP regimen became the standard treatment for NHL in the United Sta tes. Another regimen called ACVBP consisting of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, and prednisone has been developed by Groupe dEtude des Lymphomes de LAdulte (GELA) in Europe which were compared in poor risk patients against CHOP and results favour ACVBP.50 In another trial, etoposide and CHOP termed CHOEP was shown to increase complete remission rate and survival rate in 18 to 60 year-old patient in a trial that compared 3 week CHOP-21, 2 week CHOP-14 with CHOEP-21, CHOEP-14. CHOEP was recommended in the conclusion of this trial if the patient is young with good prognostic feature of aggressive lymphoma.51 Etoposide is a unreal analogue to vinca alkaloids and binds to DNA and topoisomerase II complex in phase G2 to prevent DNA replication and causes strand to break.26 Etoposide is still associated with toxic effects such as alopecia, myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting.25Immunotherapy also played a part in treatment of aggressive lymphoma with rituximab as a s ingle agent. GELA has shown that the overall response of rituximab as a single agent was 37% with patients suffering from relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.52 A randomized controlled trial has been conducted by Mab Thera International Trial (MInT) Group to investigate CHOP-like chemotherapy against CHOP-like chemotherapy with rituximab. The result showed that rituximab combined with cheomotherapy increased overall survival and with no significant increase in side effects.53 Rituximab and CHOP regimen is the most common chemotherapy regimen for diffuse large B-cell NHL. British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) implemented a new policy on 1 March 2001 recommending all patients newly diagnosed with ripe stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to be treated with CHOP and rituximab based on evidences from trials conducted by GELA and MInT Group.54Treatment recommendation.As stated earlier, limited information was available for this case scenario. Patient is only known as 28 year old male recently diagnosed with NHL. An appropriate treatment that could be given as first line is CHOP regimen with addition of rituximab (CHOP-R) based on evidences given above. CHOP-R has significant better results compared to CHOP alone and addition of rituximab does not increase side effects. CHOP-R can also be used for both indolent and aggressive lymphoma with positive outcomes as stated above although symptomless indolent lymphoma may require watch-and wait strategy. However in terms of cost-effectiveness, CHOP-R is more expensive than CHOP alone but CHOP-R is preferred due to its increased efficacy profile and similar side effects. In conclusion, CHOP-R can be given every 14 or 21 days with the course of treatment ranging from 3 to 8 cycles. CHOP-R cycle started with the first day drug administration consisting of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and doxorubicin done injection into a vein or through drip and prednisone was taken orally from day 1 to day 5.Co nflict normality Vs LeibnizConflict atomic number 7 Vs LeibnizMathematicians everywhere contributed to the development of coalescence. However, the two most known founders of compression are Isaac atomic number 7 and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Nowadays, the credit is handed over to both men. Nevertheless, a controversy took place over which of them deserved the recognition. The controversy was both intense and widespread.Isaac northIsaac normality is known as one of the superlative scientists who have ever lived in addition, he is recognized as one of the most accomplished mathematicians that England has ever seen. Newton became fascinated in maths at an early age. Later in life, he created coalition. However, he did not publish it until later. This was an enormous mistake.His lifeIn 1643, Newton was born. Later, in 1655, Newton began the discovery of calculus with the general binomial series which led to him discovering integration, differentiation, and distance processe s. Thirty two years later, 1687, Newton create his do work in a book called The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. At the age of eighty four, in 1727, Newton died.Gottfried LeibnizGottfried Leibniz is known as a world(a) scientist. He became a leading international philosopher as well as, a worldwide known comprehensive thinker. He studied forces and weight. He wrote about economics, theology, biology, geology, law, politics, metaphysics, and mathematics. He claims that he invented Calculus independently from Newton, but is it true?His lifeIn 1646, Leibniz was born in Germany. When Leibniz was 27 years old, in 1673, he go to England. In 1675, Leibniz began using the integral symbol, which no one ever used before. In 1676, Leibniz developed the Leibniz Calculus. 8 years later, 1684, Leibniz published a topnotch system of calculus about notation which was easier to use. At the age of 70, 1716, Leibniz died in his home country, Germany.What is Calculus?Calculus is the branch of mathematics that deals with limits, functions, differential coefficients, integrals, and infinite series. Calculus has two branchesDifferential CalculusDifferential calculus is the study of the derivative of a function. It is the study of how a function changes when its input changes. Differentiation is the process of finding the derivative. The derivative at any point equals to the slope of the tangent line of the functions graph. Basically, the derivative of a function determines the scoop out linear approximation. intrinsical CalculusIntegral Calculus is the study of the properties, definitions, and applications of both, the indefinite integral and the definite integral. Integration is the method of finding the value of an integral. Integral Calculus is related to two linear operations.Indefinite IntegralThe anti-derivative, inverse of derivativedefinite integralWhen you input a function in the definite integral, it outputs a number. This gives you the area between the graph and the x-axis.The Calculus ControversyThe conflict was an contrast between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz over who first invented calculus. Newton claims that he began functional on a form of calculus in 1666, but he did not publish. Gottfried Leibniz began to work on his calculus in 1674, and he published his work in a paper in 1684.Newton created his cumbersome method of fluxions, in 1655. However, he feared condemnation. Therefore, he did not publish his work until 1704. The fact that he fought with Leibniz before publishing anything raises the question Was it Newton who invented Calculus?Leibniz developed his calculus in 1673 he used many symbols that we still use today- derivatives as dy/dx and many more. Leibniz published his work in 1684, 20 years before Newton. The last years of Leibnizs life were poisoned by a controversy with Newton over whether he discovered calculus separately, or whether he had invented another form of ideas that were Newtons. Newton i nfluenced the quarrel.In 1673, Leibniz traveled to England. He met some of the leading scientists, like Robert Hookes and showed them his unfinished calculating machine. He did not meet Newton, but he was shown Newtons unpublished work.After Leibniz came back from England his two miraculous yeasr began. After these two years he was considered a creative genius. One of his inventions was calculus. Leibniz needed to contact a broader scientific community, so he became in contact with Christian Huygens, a Danish scientist, and collins and Henry Oldenburg, secretary of the Royal Society. Leibniz sent his ideas to Collin. In return, Collin sent Leibniz the in style(p) ideas circulating the Royal Society. In Leibnizs defense, however, some documents sent did not perish Leibniz until after he developed his own behavior. It was clear that he had developed his own ideas on differentiation and integration.Both Newton and Leibniz had partners who helped them develop calculus. Johann Bernou lli, who used Leibniz calculus to maximize function, motivated Leibniz to fight with Newton. Newton was surrounded by people who Leibniz called enfants perdus, the lost children. Newton led the attack, and they continued to carry the battle. Leibniz was criminate of plagiarism, a charge that doesnt carry on when you look at the evidence1. He published his method years before Newton published anything on Fluxions.2. He always referred to his discovery as his own invention.3. The way he developed his ideas of calculus were different than the way Newton developed his ideas.4. Leibniz came up with ideas of differential and integral calculus before and of Newtons work was published.In June 1676, Newton wrote to Oldenburg, describing the binomial possibleness. He also stated that all curves can be reduced to infinite series. Moreover, he stated that areas, lengths of curves, and volumes can be obtained through series. Afterwards, Leibniz sent Newton a letter to clarify series. Newton re plied by talking about finding the maxima and minima, differentials, and many other topics. However, he did not mention anything about fluxions. Later, Leibniz published his calculus in 1684.When Newton published his work, Newton found out that Leibnizs calculus was very similar to his. Newton also came to know later on that Leibniz has learnt ideas from collins and Oldenburg these ideas came from Newton and Gregory. In 1672, Leibniz learnt mathematics and got letters from Collins. What was unusual was that Newton sent Collins similar letters at the same time describing fluxions.Newton then accused Leibniz of copying his work. However, the case leaned towards Leibniz. In defense to the accusation, Leibniz said that when he was shown the works of Newton, but he did not learn anything useful because he did not know much mathematics at the time. Leibniz also said that Collins notes were irrelevant to the subject of calculus.Leibniz died dishonored on the other hand, Newton was given a state funeral. However, History does authenticate Leibniz. As time goes on, the strength of the controversy decreases. And, Leibniz slowly finds his place as one of the best scientists of all time.All in all, Newton was known to be the first inventor of calculus because there is proof that he developed his theory of fluxions first. He also created differentials, and they were later explained by Leibniz. On the other hand, Leibniz also created calculus independently from Newton. Leibniz described his calculus in a different way than Newton. I personally think that Newton made a mistake by not publishing his work as short as he created it. This is what led to the controversy. I also think that both men deserve the title of calculus inventors just as equally.

The mission of the Allianz Group

The mission of the Allianz sort outCompanys overviewAllianz Group is one of the worlds leaders providing insurance policy policy and fiscal services. Allianz SE, the holding company is at the top of the international group with its head office in Munich. Allianz was founded in Berlin, Germany in 1980 (Allianz, 2010).With virtually 152,000 employees worldwide, the Allianz Group serves approximately 75 m liveryion customers in about 70 countries. On the insurance side, Allianz is the market leader in the Germany market and has a strong international presence (Allianz, 2010).Allianz has much than than 100 years of lively history. Though Germanys defeat in World War I restrict Allianzs international ancestry, but Allianz slowly gauged outside Germany to other European markets (Allianz, 2010).In the era of National Socialism in space 1933 Nazi Germany, Allianz conformed to the norms of the era. afterwards suffering some worry problems during World War II, Allianz started to rebuild post 1945. Starting from the 1950s finishedout 60s, 70s and 80s Allianz started to get international by spread its diddleivities to many countries in Europe and Americas. Allianz began to venture the Asian markets from the 1990s (Allianz, 2010).Allianz Group also expanded its asset management business. Today, Allianz Group is one of the worlds preeminent financial service providers (Allianz, 2010).The mission of AllianzThe mission of Allianz is to achieve sustainable harvest- kinsperson of our competitive strength and values. In order to achieve this mission, they implemented a series of measures which characterize as 3+one program. They get an full general 3+1 programProtecting and enhancing the capital base.Substantially modify the operating profitability.Reducing complexity.+One Increase sustainable competitiveness and value.The government activity structure of AllianzBoard of ManagementSupervisory BoardInternational decision maker CommitteeInternational Advis ory Board and Joint Advisory CouncilEmployeesThe composition conclusion of AllianzAllianz Group culture combines German characteristic and international flair. In Munich, a lot of language leave alone be using by the state when they talking to each other such as French, German, English, Italian, Chinese and etc. However Allianz values local cultures and markets situation does not regulate a one size all fit solution for the individual(a) location. That why Allianz has defined a st assessgy framework to guiding standards. So that Allianz Group in the worldwide lot adopt the cultural and business requirement to specific expanses (Allianz, 2010)The macro environment synopsisPEST analysis is concerned with the environmental influences on a business. PEST is stand for Political, scotch, Social, and scientific factors of the external macro environment. Political factors include government policies relating to the industry, tax policies, laws and regulations, avocation restric tions and tariffs etc. The economic factors relate to forms in the wider economy such as economic growth, interest rates, ex turn rates and inflation rate etc. social factors often look at the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, people growth rate, age distribution, changes in tastes and buying patterns etc. The technical factors relate to the application of newly inventions and ideas such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. It is an alpha tool to understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business or organization (Thompson, 2002). Following argon the different factors affecting the Allianz insurance in UK.PoliticalSome of these factors had a good impact to the travel, machine and home office insurance in the UK. The government travelers aw atomic number 18ness campaign has brought aw arness to the kind-heartedity about the dangers o f traveling un compensated highlighting the expensive costs of medical examination treatments abroad. The travel industry has supported and benefited from this as it increased their sales prospects.The minimum car insurance implemented by the government is third caller privateness. This has a very good impact on the car insurance industry as this guarantees a sale on every car in the UK and because 76% of adult in the UK throw off a full(a) driving license, all of them are potential customers (Birtles, 2002).Legal General entropy revealed that most critical illness cover claims are made by commonwealth under 40. (Speedy, 2004) This has been good news for age dedicated home and health care insurance companies as less cover claims path less liabilities. However, according to the Bank of England, the rising tax is slowing brush up the consumer spending. This has badly affected the whole of the insurance industry as people had less money to spend on higher bounteousnesss or packages.EconomicIn todays world people are more work-orientated, so earning more again translating to larger disposable incomes allowing people to live comfortably see advantage of more expensive schemes in insurance such as taking fully-comprehensive cover rather than third-party (Speedy, 2004).another(prenominal) economical fact is that we are soon at the boom stage of economic cycle and so people are break off off. This means that as stated higher up people are able to live more comfortably and on a general level are better able to feed things analogous food, shelter, clothing and health care. This translates to fewer illnesses which mean that insurance companies deem less payout to make as less people fail ill (Speedy, 2004).Another important factor to notice about the general reality in a boom phase of the economic cycle is that people are more likely to pay for products in the service industry. So things that they may have refrained from due to a lack of money like he alth insurance will be more welcome during a period of boom so increasing revenue for insurers (Birtles, 2002).SocialIn todays auberge there has been an increase in young drivers. They choose to insure on parents cars along with saving the money to buy their own cars. teenaged drivers aged between 17 and 25 also have a higher chance of macrocosm in an accident so they are more costly for an insurer to cover so insurers charge more. For this creator the increase in young drivers translates into larges revenues for insurance companies due to the larger premiums. (Birtles, 2002)Another change in todays society is the increase in the racing culture with large emphasis placed on driving faster and better looking cars. Modified cars are a cheaper alternative to buying a sports car also increasing insurance costs (Speedy, 2004) .In relation with 30 years ago the average person earns much more today translating to larger disposable incomes. This has leading to more people being able to afford second cars and so being insured on them giving more business to insurance companies (Speedy, 2004).TechnologyThe success of cyberspace and an integrated information and communications technology system has allowed any business to increase sales and reduce transaction costs. The internet has completely changed the tar service process. Today, internet is used to even sell insurance policies. meshing proving to be one of the widely used distribution networks for selling insurance policies. Also internet is used for sending premium notices to policy holders through e-mails (Shinde, et al., 2008)Besides that, internet has a premium calculator which accurately displays the gist of premium month wise and the remaining balance. One just has to destroy the age, name of the insurance policy, the sum assured and whether there is an accident cover or not. By keying in this information, the entire premium amounts are shown in spite of appearance no time. This has helped the custom er in a way so that they dont have to travel all the way to the branch to ascertain the amount of premium to be paid (Shinde, et al., 2008)The international take aimationAllianz wreak almost in every continent. The regions are easternern Europe, Central Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific, Americas and Middle East Africa. Allianz is deeply rooted in their domestic market which is Western, Northern southerly Europe. Western Europe is the home of Allianz. (Allianz, 2010)When Allianz wants doing an international business, Allianz will divvy up the human resource, financial and legal requirement into particular clownish. Allianz start a new venture in China, financial will incurred in that China will get down than having a new venture in Europe. Furthermore Allianz can get a large human resource in China. This is because the population in China is very large. Allianz also can save cost. The pay pay to the labor is lower and produced the production in a lower cost (Allianz, 2010).When a company intend to going international, they will consider the macroeconomic that will affect in their business. Before enter to a new country or new venture. They will do a research about the external environment of that country or region first and then only decide whether to start the new venture into that country or not. While Allianz also does the something. The macro environment that consider to the company are political or legal condition, economic condition, social issue environment and technology. Those are significant to evaluate a country before doing an international business (Allianz, 2010).There are several systems of going international when a company intends to go international. The company can go international based on export based, non-equity based and equity based. For Allianz which a company just provide services, it use equity based method to going international which include joint ventures and foreign direct enthronisation (FDI). The first company or office that Allianz venture in is in London with open a subsidiary company (Allianz, 2010).Allianz officially ventured into Malaysia in 2001when it became the controlling shareholder of Allianz General Insurance Malaysia Berhad (AGIM). In 2007, the general insurance business of AGIM was transferred to its wholly owned subsidiary, AGIC. Following the completion of the transfer of general insurance business, AGIM changed its name to AMB and became an investment holding company (Allianz, 2010).There are several issues that faced Allianz in Malaysia. One of the issues that face in Allianz currently is the managing climate change risk. Managing climate change risk is one of the biggest challenges the financial services industry is facing today with several impact on the insurance industry. In the past 30 years, claims payments to the victims of large(p) natural catastrophes have increased 15 fold to approx. 30 billion Euros (approximately RM120 billion). Allianz settles 40% of industrial insu rance claims are due to natural catastrophes (Allianz, 2010)To manage climate change risks, Loeffler (2010) recognize climate change as a matter of great strategic consequence for Allianz. Allianz need to assess together with their clients on how to apologise the risks. At the same time the challenges for Allianz is to adapt to the impact of climate change and to safeguard insurability of risk in future. In 2007, Allianz established Allianz Climate Solutions as a subsidiary with the explicit aim to develop new products and get a line investment trends related to climate change.The insurance business needs to act as an early warning system and help business and society understand the new risks. There are several ways to secure for the effects of climate change. Providing risk coverage for emerging technologies for example plays an important role in their future development. Securing the insurability of risks is essential for economies to be able to operate (Loeffler, 2010)The grow th of businessNew ventureConclusion

How does Macbeth Change throughout the Play?

How does Macbeth Change passim the Play?Through out(p) the course of the play, Macbeths calibre alterations from estimable to evil. As the sense of hearing we be given ample opportunities to savour at the way in which he changes and the influences that help bring intimately the shift in character. Shakespeargon worrywise uses dramatic devices to highlight Macbeths change. In this shew the influences that Macbeth was exposed to and the effect that Shakespe ares use of dramatic devices has on the consultations understanding bequeath be explored.A soliloquy is a classical literary technique it is the act of spea mightiness while al bingle, especi anyy when use as a theatrical device that allows a characters popular opinions and intellects to be conveyed to the audience. In a play, soliloquies are important because these are the thoughts of the character and he/she will always be telling the truth. The soliloquies let the audience keep up with how the of import charact ers are thinking so that the writer can create the image that on that rate are many sides to e genuinely character. Shakespeare uses soliloquies to give us an insight as to what Macbeth is thinking, they are un-edited thoughts and opinion that he is not express to anyone else. As Shakespeare does not use a narrator who can explain what Macbeth really thinks, it is important for Macbeth that he uses soliloquies as he is a complex character, his entire temperament changes throughout the course of the play. Soliloquies are a window directly into his thoughts and emotions. Without them, we would hardly k right away, as untold as the other characters and by knowing much in that location is approximately cartridge holders some dramatic irony which therefore gives the audience power.Macbeth has a few fatal flaws which allow him to receive the title of a traditional sad hero. The first is his vaulting ambition, and arrogance. This is a result of his hubris, tragic greed and pride. It is these excessive qualities which usually lead to the downfall and ultimately the demise of a tragic hero in classical tragedy. After enticement from his wife and fascinatees to perform providedcher Macbeth, reconstructs this fall from a weather and portentous general. This hubris is keep an eye onn in many of Shakespeares other tragic plays where there is always a tragic hero who realises the error of t replacement ways when it too late. This is codn in plays much(prenominal) as Anthony and Cleopatra, Othello and Hamlet.In William Shakespeares tragic play Macbeth, the state of judgement of Macbeth deteriorates throughout the play as we see the transformation of Macbeth, from hero to villain. At the number one of the play, Macbeth and Banquo are told to have been fighting in the battle. Macbeth is and so hailed as brave Macbeth, as a hero because he has extinguished the rebel McDonald and is continuing to grimace the Norwegian troops victoryfully. Then we are t old that Macbeth has triumphed once more capturing the traitor Cawdor, obtaining ransom and a favourable peace treaty from the King of Norway. For brave Macbeth come up he deserves that name - is used by a Sergeant to pull his actions in battle.O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman are used by the King. This shows that Macbeth really was a hero as such(prenominal), a pride from the King was considered a great honour. The King, Duncan sentences Cawdor to death and rewards Macbeth with his title.He sires a autocrat due to his ruth slight ambition to be King, spurred on by some interfering witches putting ideas into his head by predicting that he will be King and Lady Macbeth, his bossy wife. Macbeth feels little and less guilty some the murders he has committed but Lady Macbeths mind deteriorates throughout the play, and easily the locked up guilt drives her mad.In encounter 1 Scene 3 the three witches greet Macbeth as Thane of Cawdor, Glamis and finally King. The belief in the world and power of witches was widely believed in Shakespeares day, as confirmed by the witch hunt craze. The practice of witchcraft was seen to undermine and threaten the established redact of religion and society, and so was not tolerated. The belief of the majority during the seventeenth coke suggests that the witches are powerful figures who can exercise great power over Macbeth. Also King James the First took a great care in witches, having many killed, however most importantly he believed in witchcraft and its power. The three witch characters in Macbeth are seen as evil. It could be concluded that they were responsible for creating Macbeths evil desire for the posterior, therefore the audience whitethorn be influenced by Shakespeares portrayal of the witches and believe his representation of them.Macbeths character begins to germinate in the way he reacts to the witches prophecies. The witches planted seeds of ambition in his mind and he lets them discharge until he begins to believe them. Later in the outlook Macbeth is actually announced Thane of Cawdor. In a soliloquy Macbeth ponders upon what the witches have predictedThis elfin soliciting cannot be ill cannot be cheeseparing. If ill why hath it given me sedate of success commencing in a truth?At this point Macbeth is nerve-wracking to convince himself that there is no intimacy wrong with what has happened and that if it were evil then something good would not have come from it. The fact that repetition is used emphasises the main theme of the play, the balance mingled with good and evil. When evil prevails everything takes a free rein for the worst reminding us to choose good over evil. He then goes on to say My Thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical. This quotation shows that Macbeths idea to murder Duncan is unflurried only a fantasy and is not reality, indicating he is unsure and may need persuasion either way. At this point in the play he is in doubt or session on the fe nce. Banquo then interrupts Macbeth during his run-in saying Look how our partners rapt. This could symbolise how there is a direct contrast as now Banquo is the symbol of good and Macbeths integrity is in question. Macbeth then says If chance will have me king then chance will top out me without my stir. From this quote we can see that Macbeth is willing to let fate take its course, and accepts that what will be, will be. The witches prophecies make him believe he will be crowned without having the act noble. merely this is not what happens, Macbeth feels the need to direct his destiny to ensure his place on the throne.The next soliloquy is short and it deals with Macbeths views on who was the currant heir to the throne the Prince of Cumberland.-The Prince of Cumberland that is a step on which I must fall down, or else oerleap, for in my Way it lies.At this point Macbeth is filled with anger and jealousy. Macbeth is stating that the Prince of Cumberland is in the way of him and the throne. Macbeth knows he must deal with the prince somehow, or else he will be beaten by him. At the final stage of the speech his stride is more calm and controlled as he maintains his decency and morality by coating what lies beneath. Let not light see my black and deep desires. It is probable that he is surer than in the previous speech as no questions are asked, showing his state of mind is less doubtful. Although he is angry, especially at the beginning of the speech, Macbeth seems clearer in his mind about his plans concerning gaining the throne. except he is windlessness aware that it is wrong to think such black thoughts. The main change in Macbeths character from the previous speech is that he is more real in his mind and in his actions. He is more decisive and in addition he is becoming increasingly deceptive.In the next soliloquy, in Act I Scene 7, Macbeth finds himself struggling with his scruples, over the possibility of regicide. He is troubled that the co nsequences he would face were enormous, and that there are many reasons why he should not murder Duncan. At the beginning of the soliloquy he has made no decision as to whether the deed will be carried out and at the end of the soliloquy he is still undecided.Macbeth is communicate as his servants are preparing for Duncans arrival at Macbeths castle. This is also a prison term when Macbeth realises that what the witches predicted is coming true. The soliloquy opens with a euphemism of the word murder If it were done. Macbeth uses this, and other, euphemisms because murderous thoughts are alien to him. Macbeth is depicted by the language to be a very moral and conscientious man. The euphemisms show that the horrid deed disgusts him, because he knows that regicide is a atrocious sin punishable by eternal damnation. on that point is also an cause of alliteration in this speechIf th AssassinationCould bounce up the Consequence, and catch,With his Surcease, SuccessThe sibilance use d in this quotation draws attention to cessation and success. The use of these words is ironic because, it is very rare that death and success are related to each over. Macbeth is willing to sacrifice the afterlife for greatness, now, in this life. At this point Macbeth is clearly giving the idea considerable serious thought. He goes on to list all the decisions why he shouldnt kill Duncan. This shows he is still logical in his decisions and he is aware of how disloyal it is for a host and kinsman to kill the king. He should be the one individual who should risk his own life to stop such a thing happening to the king whilst he is in his house Not channel the knife myself .In this soliloquy Macbeth reveals to the audience his lose morals, because the theme of this speech is that he regards murder as worthwhile and thinks there is nothing wrong with it if you benefit. as yet Macbeth recognises that it is his ambition to become King that will lead to his downfall.But in these cases We still have Judgement here, that we but teachBloody Instructions, which, universe taught, returnTo plague th Inventor.Macbeth is now aware that his bad full treatment will come back and plague him this is a factor which occurs in most of Shakespeares tragedies where the main character contributes to his own downfall. At this point in the play the audience may start to really dislike his character. He is showing no signs of doubt. It shows he can not differentiate between good and evil because he is so ambitious he is think only on becoming King and it does not matter to him how he achieves his goal.During the next soliloquy the murder is immanent Macbeth is waiting for the bell which is the quest for him to go a kill Duncan. This is a very edgy and extend clip for Macbeth his mind is tormented and so he begins to hallucinate, and he sees a dagger.Is this a Dagger which I see sooner me,The handle toward my go on?Having this speech just before the murder creates an air of a pprehension. in that respect is a sense that there is no going back. The bell which Lady Macbeth go is a sign for the act of murder to begin this adds to the intensity of the speech and creates suspense.Macbeth is now more recognisable as evil. The bell signals the beginning of the end for Macbeth, his character can never return after this night, and his deeds become more and more gruesome and evil as the play progresses. It now seems that he is eager to murder Duncan Come let me clutch thee. This shows that Macbeth is anticipating how the murder will be carried out. Instead of contemplating whether he will murder Duncan, he is now deciding how to murder Duncan. Macbeth is no longer using the reasoning, which disordered him from animals, and has reduced himself to the level of an animal. The animal, which is mentioned, is the wolf, which in Macbeths age, was a symbol of witchcraft and evil, again showing that Macbeth is now predominantly evil.His lack of reason is shown by the le ss frequent use of euphemisms. Even though Macbeth still uses some euphemisms, his conscience is scorched, and during this soliloquy he uses the word murder for the first time. Macbeth himself seems to have an exceptionally low view of himself at this point he compares himself to a rapist, a ghost and a wolf.The Wolf, Whose Howls his Watch, thus with his stealthy Pace, With Tarquins ravishing Sides, towards his design moves like a ghost.Macbeth despises himself for what he is about to do, it shows weakness in his character because he is willing to sacrifice any sort of morals which he had before to satisfy his greed.At the end of the speech a rhyming straddle is used to emphasise the murderous deed as Macbeth hopes the bell does not wake Duncan for with it comes his death.- Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a Knell,That summons thee to Heaven or to underworldThe next soliloquy in Act 3 Scene 1 is a reflective one as Macbeth is now king, you would have thought that at this point he wo uld be content having achieved his goal. This soliloquy contains thoughts of Banquo as Macbeth feels threatened by him, as the witches told him that Banquo will get kings not be one meaning his sons will become kings, this scares Macbeth. In this speech a lot of Banquos qualities are listed like how wise, brave and noble he is. There are by all odds some similarities between Banquo and Macbeth at the beginning of the play. Macbeth still has a very high view of himself, even though he is now a murdering tyrant.My Genius is rebukd, as it is saidMark Antonys was by Ceasar.This shows how Macbeth sees himself as a genius and also compares himself to previous great emperors such as Mark Antony. Nevertheless, deep into the story Macbeth still refers back to what the witches said, it is apparent they were a big influence on the play and on Macbeths actions.They haild him pose to a Line of Kings.Upon my Head they placd a fruitless Crown,And put a barren Sceptre in my GripeHere it is said by Macbeth that the witches had told him that Banquo would have sons who would become Kings, and he would not have children who would become heir to the throne. Macbeth feels bitter and jealous because he has fought and given up so much to become king and now he feels it was all pointless, perhaps he is beginning to regret all his evil deeds. For them the gracious Duncan have I murderd. The fact that Macbeth has referred to King Duncan as gracious shows that he still has honour for him and may be starting to regret his deeds. This speech is essentially saying Macbeth knows that he has sacrificed a great deal but is still not a lot better off, and still it is Banquo who is prophesied to be the happy one with his children being part of a long line of Kings. Macbeth is beginning to see his own demise and feels regret and fear and traces of guilt for the murder of Duncan. However outwardly he is still confident, happy and able to carry out murders if he feels it can save him.In the so liloquies found in Act 5, Scene 3 the speech provokes sympathy for a now ruin and broken man. As the first words are I am sick at heart this is quite a ground happy chance statement as it is Macbeth declaring he is depressed and he is emotionally troubled. perchance his heart is ill due to it being polluted with regret and with all the evil he has committed, and for what? There is no material gain for Macbeth and definitely no emotional gain. There a slight hint of self-annihilation about this speech as Macbeth says I have livd long enough. He uses colours again to symbolise how he is feeling at the time and also autumnal metaphors, mentioning the Yellow Leaf which implies that he has passed his time and is a wilting leaf whom is dying and will drop to the ground and be forgotten. This is on the whole a sad soliloquy as it is shows the audience Macbeths absolute regret and his acceptance that what he has done did have consequences, in that he has lost all his honour, he is not l oved, he is incompetent to be obedient and is lonely without a friend in the world.As Honour, Love, Obedience, Troops of Friends,I must look not to haveThere is a significant alteration in Macbeths character now as he now no longer possesses the desire to do anything with his life, he has lost all ambition and any drive towards anything, his attitude is passing pessimistic.The final soliloquy just reiterates what was said in the previous soliloquy. It negotiation about the death of Lady Macbeth, life and the fragility of it. An excellent example of just how demoralised Macbeth is at this stage of the play is his reaction to the intelligence activity that his wife has died. His reaction is not mournful and there are not even any signs of sadness, he merely says that now is not a good time for her to die and there would have been an appropriate time for he to pass away.She should have did hereafterThere would have been a Time for such a WordThe final lines of the soliloquy in all likelihood reflect his view on lifeit is a TaleTold by an Idiot, full of Sound and FurySignifying nothing.Throughout the play we see a complete and extreme change of Macbeths character, with a few aspects remaining constant. In the beginning, he is a faithful and loyal servant of the King but this soon changes. Both the witches and Lady Macbeth help his ambition develop and fester in his mind. In the beginning Macbeth is determined to prove to his wife that he loves her and his worth as a man. However, from this point onwards Macbeths ambition motivates him and overcomes his conscience, do him increasingly determined that nobody is going to stand in his way. He no longer needs Lady Macbeths persuasion and involves her less and less in his business. Nothing else appears to matter to him except his kingship and he is prepared to do anything to keep it, despite the fact he knows it is wrong. He reached the height of his ugliness when he mercilessly slaughtered Macduffs family, women and children. By the end of the play he has turned into a evil, slightly mad, tyrant and his determination to keep hold of his crown eventually costs him his life.

Influence of William Shakespeare on Melville’s Moby-Dick Essay

In 1820 in the Edinburgh Review Sidney Smith give tongue to In the four quarters of the globe, who reads an American book? (par. 4). That was the conventional humor concerning American Literature to the conservative British writers. But Melville proved this premiss of the British writers wrong not by arguing with them but by producing a huge work which in its quality is comparable to Shakespearian great tragedies.Melvilles masterpiece Moby-Dick consists of thousands of references, but speciallyreferences of Shakespeare are in abundance in this book. When Melville wrote thisnovel, next to the Bible Shakespeare was in his mind because he wanted to prove thesuperiority of American Nation as sound as American Literature. The protagonist of thenovel, Captain Ahab, is comparable with Macbeth and Lear in many a(prenominal) ways. Also thesetting of the novel and language of the novel are equivalent those of Shakespeares plays. The construction of Ahab as the tragic hero-villain, his ma dness and blasphemous behaviour, the Shakespearean dramatic technique, the Shakespearean language and parallel scenes are the things which Melville borrows from Shakespeare. Though the depiction of character and the construction of the novel are Shakespearean, the novels wideness lies in its originality.Melville creates Ahab in the model of a Shakespearean tragic hero. Melvillesconception of Ahab as a tragic character was made achievable by this immersion inShakespearean tragedy. Shakespearean tragic heroes, for congresswoman Macbeth and Lear areblinded by hubris or pride. They are tragic because of their geological fault in judgment. CaptainAhab also becomes tragic because of the error in judgment. Ahabs misfortune is brought1upon him not by vice and depravity but... ...ck. Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions Limited, 2002.Melville, Herman. Hawthrone and His Mosses. Moby-Dick. Ed. Harrison Hayford and Hershel Parker. newfound York and London Norton and Company, 1967. 535-551. Melvilles Moby-Dick. Wow Essays.15 September 2008 Olson, Charles. Ahab and His Fool. Moby-Dick. Ed.Harrison Hayford and Hershel Parker. New York and London Norton and Company, 1967.648-651.Shakespeare, William. male monarch Lear. Surrey Thomas Nelson and Son Ltd, 1997.Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2001.13Shakespeare, William. Othello. London Penguin Books Limited, 1968.Smith, Sidney. Who Reads an American Book? peachy Epochs in American History. 15 (1820) pars. 4. 26 June 2008 14

Captain Ahab Essay -- Literary Analysis, Moby Dick, Shakespeare

Captain Ahab sights Moby Dick from afar and continues his hot pursuit on the White Whale. For three days, a inflexible chase occurs because of Ahabs want for retaliation. The indomitable whale continually destroys gravy boat after boat. During the latter days of the struggle, the whale finally attacks the Pequod, plunging the ship to the tush pits of the ocean. Determined to r for each one his final goal, the captain makes a last forsake effort and launches his harpoon towards Moby Dick. Ironically, Ahabs harpoon catches around his neck and kill him to death. Obviously determined to avenge his leg, the Captain causes his own downfall with his own desire for retribution. In The Tragedy of village Prince of Denmark, Shakespeare creates two char locomoteers, Hamlet and Laertes, who endure a series of events and unveil Shakespeares similar feeling that revenge causes one to act blindly in anger. Through Shakespeares distinct verbiage and diction, the characters motivational det ailors and personality traits, the write conveys his strong article of faith regarding the desire for vengeance. While the actual personality traits and each characters motivations add more depth to Shakespeares overall belief, the language each character incorporates contributes more highly to the conviction revenge causes one to act blindly in anger. By analyzing Hamlets use of language throughout the play, one can tell Hamlet is keen on avenging his pay off, but no plaza or effort is put into the action. speechmaking in disgust with himself, Hamlet says That I, the son of a dear father murderd, / Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell, / Must, like a whore, unpack my heart with words, (2.2.584-586). Hamlet uses simile to compare himself to a coward and state that he has no... ...ooms Laertes as it did Hamlet, because it clouds his judgment. His rashness causes him to be easily played by Claudius. Regardless of the fact that Hamlet killed Polonius, Claudius never specifi ed that it was an accident, which could have played a study role in Laertes decision to go along with the Kings plan. Hamlet and Laertes share much in common with Captain Ahab. completely three characters share a similar passion and determination for achieving vengeance, which at long last results in their own downfall. Plan after plan, harpoon after harpoon, scarce one goal resonates in their minds to get revenge. Blinded by their desire for vengeance, all three characters act out of personality and cause ill-use to themselves and those around them. Thus, revealing Shakespeares strong notion that the desire for revenge causes one to act blindly, rather than with reason and logic.

The Existence of Evil :: Philosophy Religion Ethics Essays

The Existence of EvilSix years ago a runty girl from my church approached me and asked why the devil existed, and why bountiful things happen. At the moment I was a little perplexed and did not know what to say. All that came to my mind was that human needed a whipping boy to blame for the occurrence of unfavorable incidents. Blaming adverse conditions on the devil is the cushy and obvious way out of any situation. All one has to do is to say that the devil was the cause of the situation and wash his hands of the stallion problem. At twelve years old, I thought that humanity employ the devil as a way to elude responsibility and to fire the consequences of its actions. It was not until croak year that I realized the answer to the little girls question about the existence of evil. In English class last year I read Arthur Millers play The Crucible as need reading. According to my English teacher, one theme of The Crucible was that having evil in the domain of a function is ne cessary to balance out the goodness. If either entity overpowered the other, they would throw discharge the entire balance. Beside maintaining balance, evilness helps humanity to appreciate the goodness in the world. Without ugliness, a person cannot enjoy beauty. Without misfortune, a person cannot enjoy fortune. And without evilness, a person cannot enjoy goodness. No one could enjoy goodness in the world, because there would be nothing to compare with it. Concerning religion, if there was no devil in the world to make humanity miserable, then it would not look forward to heaven. There would be no difference between the two, so humankind would not have to question its actions because there would not be any consequences such as heaven or hell. Imagine a world where everything is perfect, and there is no suffering. Natural laws are bent at the star of wrong to humanity. If a plane carrying passengers starts to plummet, gravity ceases and the plane floats down to landed estate like a feather. Or if a gun is shot at a person, the bullet turns into a marshmallow so it will not harm anyone. In that world there is no pain nor suffering, just existence. The heap do not have to adapt to their environment, because the environment adapts to them. I bring out this version of life frightening, because the people would take everything for granted.

The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park Essay -- Mansfield Park

The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield ballpark For any typeface there are three primary(prenominal) ways of learning to the highest degree them. Firstly, how the citation themselves hypothecates and behaves. Secondly, how other characters respond to the character. Lastly, how the causation discusses the character is very revealing. for each one of these skylines of Mrs. Norris is provided by the author. Mrs Norris is only related to Mansfield park through her infant, Lady Bertram. opus she may not have managed to acquit the affluent marriage that her sister did, there is no doubting her love of money. Sir Thomas Bertram provides an income for Mrs Norris husband, a segment of the clergy. This enables them to live in comfort and in close proximity to the base at Mansfield Park. Mrs Norris is possibly the shallowest character in the community of Mansfield Park. She has no qualms just about marrying for security, not love. Outward appearance is everything to her, c uriously how others perceive her. However, this leads her to make decisions for the ravish reasons She found herself obliged to be inclined to the Rev. Mr Norris. When Rev. Mr Norris dies, Austen hints at the perhaps unloving marriage that Mrs Norris was a part of She consoled herself by considering that she could do very well wit... ...ever received kindness from her aunt. Jane Austen is always influencing our view of Mrs Norris, whether directly or indirectly. Mrs Norris give actions show what an opinionated, bossy woman she is. date the relative indifference of those around may more suggestive of their profess characters, it shows how oppressive she is. Finally, Austen herself directly affects what we think of Mrs Norris with her own commentary in the the text. there are moments of authorial division that simply give frank insights into the character of Mrs Norris. The summation of these three points is how the subscriber comes to an understanding of Mrs Norris. The Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park Essay -- Mansfield ParkThe Character of Mrs. Norris in Mansfield Park For any character there are three main ways of learning about them. Firstly, how the character themselves thinks and behaves. Secondly, how other characters respond to the character. Lastly, how the author discusses the character is very revealing. Each of these views of Mrs. Norris is provided by the author. Mrs Norris is only related to Mansfield Park through her sister, Lady Bertram. While she may not have managed to make the affluent marriage that her sister did, there is no doubting her love of money. Sir Thomas Bertram provides an income for Mrs Norris husband, a member of the clergy. This enables them to live in comfort and in close proximity to the house at Mansfield Park. Mrs Norris is possibly the shallowest character in the community of Mansfield Park. She has no qualms about marrying for security, not love. Outward appearance is everything to her, especially how others perceive her. However, this leads her to make decisions for the wrong reasons She found herself obliged to be attached to the Rev. Mr Norris. When Rev. Mr Norris dies, Austen hints at the perhaps loveless marriage that Mrs Norris was a part of She consoled herself by considering that she could do very well wit... ...ever received kindness from her aunt. Jane Austen is always influencing our view of Mrs Norris, whether directly or indirectly. Mrs Norris own actions show what an opinionated, bossy woman she is. While the relative indifference of those around may more suggestive of their own characters, it shows how oppressive she is. Finally, Austen herself directly affects what we think of Mrs Norris with her own commentary in the the text. There are moments of authorial voice that simply give frank insights into the character of Mrs Norris. The summation of these three points is how the reader comes to an understanding of Mrs Norris.