Tuscany & Siena Essay example -- History Historical Tuscany Europe Pap

Tuscany & SienaThe central region of Tuscany includes the following provinces? Arezzo, Grosseto, Florence, Leghorn, Lucca, Mass-Carrara, Pisa, Pistoia, and Siena.? The total area of this region is 8.877 shape miles.A Chorological History of TuscanyThe word Tuscany comes from the Tusci, Tuscans or Etruscans.? Etruria (their country) at one epoch comprised Tuscany and the northern part of Lazio.? Charlemagne occupied northern Italy in the 8th nose candy AD, at which time the name of Tuscia or Toscana became restricted to the area.? The counts of Lucca then employ the region as a frontier district.1In the 10th century, the star sign of the Attoni of Canossa rose to power.? After this period, prosperous towns began to assert their independence the rise of communes in Italy had begun.? In Tuscany, the first communes were Pisa, Lucca, and Pistoia, as well as Siena, Florence, and Arezzo.? After Matilda of Tuscany (a decendant of the support of the Attoni of Canossa) died in 1115, a st ruggle over the region ensued between the popes and the emperors.? As a result, the Tuscan cities further confirmed their independence.2In the 12th and thirteenth centuries, Pisa, backed by Siena and Pistoia, was contested by Florence, Lucca, and Genoa.? After being overcome by Genoa, Florence rose to be the leading city of Tuscany.? In Florence, the monetary standard form of Italian was being developed through the Tuscan parlance of that region.3The Medici dynasty then ruled Florence for some of the later medieval history.? The Medici?s were the most powerful family in Italy, and had gained their wealth in banking.4? Most famous of the Medici?s is Loreno il Magnifico, or Lorenzo the Magnificent.? During his rule, he continued to support the atmospher... ...d.? p. 33.8 ibid.? p. 34.9-10 Italy? Tuscany. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica.? 15th edition.? 1992.? p. 253.11-13 ? ibidem? p. 253.14-15 ?ibid.? p. 254.16 Jepson, Tim.? The content Geographic Traveler? Florence & Tuscany. ? Willard, Ohio? R.R. Donnelley & Sons.? 2001.? p. 194.17-18 Ibid.? p. 196.19 Ibid.? p. 204.20 Ibid.? p. 194-195.21 Ibid.? p. 204.22? Ibid.? p. 10.23-24 Ibid.? p. 227.25 Ibid.? p. 232.26-27 Ibid.? p. 266.28-29 Ibid.? p. 274.30 Ibid.? p. 275.31 Ibid.? p. 49. additive sources of noteBethemont, Jacques, and Jean Pelletier.? Italy? A geographical introduction.? New York? Longman.? 1983.Hook, Judith.? Siena? A metropolis and its History.? London? Hamish Hamilton.? 1979.Schevill, Ferdinand.? Siena? The History of a Medieval Commune.? New York, New York? Harper.? 1937.