'Modern Orthodox Judaism\r'

'Judaism (from the Latin Iudaismus, derived from the Hellenic Ioudaismos, and ultimately from the Hebrew ????? , Yehudah, â€Å"Judah”;[1][2] in Hebrew: ????? , Yahadut, the characteristic characteristics of the Judean ethnos)[3] is the religion, philosophy and way of life of the Jewish people. [4] A monotheistic religion originating in the Hebrew news ( also known as the Tanakh) and explored in later texts much(prenominal) as the Talmud, Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the tone of the covenantal relationship immortal established with the Children of Israel. 5] Rabbinic Judaism holds that God revealed his laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written and Oral Torah. [6] Historic wholey, this assertion was challenged by respective(a) groups such as the Sadducees and Hellenistic Judaism during the Second synagogue pointedness; the Karaites and Sabbateans during the early and later medieval period;[7] and among segments of th e youthful reform movements. Liberal movements in modern times such as Humanistic Judaism may be nontheistic. 8] Judaism claims a historical continuity spanning more than than 3,000 years. Of the major world religions, Judaism is considered one of the oldest monotheistic religions. [9][10] The Hebrews / Israelites were already referred to as â€Å"Jews” in later books of the Tanakh such as the Book of Esther, with the term Jews replacing the title â€Å"Children of Israel”. [11] Judaisms texts, traditions and value strongly influenced later Abrahamic religions, including Christianity, Islam and the Bahai Faith. 12][13] M each aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular horse opera ethics and civil law. [14] Jews atomic number 18 an ethnoreligious group[15] and include those innate(p) Jewish and converts to Judaism. In 2010, the world Jewish creation was estimated at 13. 4 million, or roughly 0. 2% of the total world population. About 42 % of all Jews house in Israel and about 42% reside in the United States and Canada, with most of the remainder donjon in Europe. 16] The largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism (Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism), cautious Judaism and Reform Judaism. A major source of difference between these groups is their greet to Jewish law. [17] Orthodox Judaism maintains that the Torah and Jewish law are divine in origin, eternal and unalterable, and that they should be stringently followed. Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal, with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more â€Å"traditional” interlingual rendition ofJudaisms requirements than Reform Judaism. A typical Reform fructify is that Jewish law should be viewed as a set of general guidelines rather than as a set of restrictions and obligations whose observance is required of all Jews. [18][19] Historically, modified courts enforced Jewish law; today, these courts still compri se but the practice of Judaism is mostly voluntary. [20] Authority on theological and legal matters is not vested in any one person or organization, but in the sacred texts and rabbis and scholars who interpret them. [21]\r\n'